A collection of bones, joints, ligaments, and muscles that are involved in movement.
100
What does the disc act as?
Shock absorbers.
100
What are the two classifications of muscles that extend and rotate the vertebral column?
Superficial and deep.
100
Who is the most at risk?
Wrestlers and long-neck football players
100
What is Axial Loading?
A blow to the top of the athlete's head while in flexion.
200
How many bones are in the spine?
Thirty three vertebrae broken into five groups.
200
What is each disc composed of?
Annulus fibrosis and nucleus pulposus.
200
How far does the erector spinae muscles extend from?
From the vertebrae to the ribs.
200
What else should the athlete have in addition to strong muscles?
Range of motion
200
How can you get a Cervical Sprain or a Whiplash?
Occurs when the head snaps back from a violent motion.
300
What are the names of each group of vertebrae?
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, and Coccyx.
300
What stabilizes the transverse and spinous process?
The interspinous, the supraspinous, and the transverse ligaments.
300
How far do the deep muscles extend from?
From one vertebrae to another.
300
What is the function of the neck muscles?
Hyperflexion, hyperextension and rotational forces
300
How does the most common Lumbar Sprain occur?
When athlete is bending forward and twisting while lifting or moving some object.
400
How many bones are in the thoracic group?
Twelve.
400
What are the major ligaments that join the various vertebral parts?
The anterior longitudinal, the posterior longitudinal, and the supraspinous ligaments.
400
What are the three columns/bands that the erector spinae muscle is divided into?
The longissimus group, the iliocostalis group, and the spinalis group.
400
What "sitting" rules should you follow in order to prevent lower back pain? List 3.
1) Don't sit for long periods.
2) Avoid sitting forward on a chair with back arched.
3) Sit on a firm, straight-backed chair.
400
Stinger or burner are terms commonly used to indicate this condition.
Pinched Nerve or Brachial Plexus Injury
500
How many vertebrae are classified as "true"?
There are 24 movable vertebrae (aka "true").
500
What maintains the position of the sacrum relative to the ishium?
Sacrotuberous and the sacrospinous ligaments.
500
What are the five deep muscles?
The interspnales, multifidus, rotatores, thoracis, and the semispinalis cervicis.
500
What "sleeping" rules should you follow in order to prevent lower back pain? List 5.
1) Don't stay in one position too long.
2) The bed should be flat and firm yet comfortable.
3) Don't sleep on the abdomen.
4) Don't sleep on the back with legs fully extended.
5) Arms should never be extended overhead.
500
What are the 2 mechanisms of the typical low back strain in sports?
1. Sudden extension with trunk rotation
2. Chronic strain commonly associated with bad posture