Solid, Liquid, Gas
This state of matter has a definite volume but takes the shape of whatever container you pour it into.
What is a liquid?
This phase change occurs when a liquid loses enough thermal energy to turn into a rigid solid.
What is freezing? (Accept: solidification)
According to the Kinetic Molecular Theory, adding this type of energy causes particles to move faster and further apart.
What is thermal energy? (Accept: heat)
This superheated, highly energetic state of matter is the most abundant form of visible matter in the universe.
What is plasma?
This is the exact temperature in degrees Celsius at which pure water begins to freeze at standard atmospheric pressure.
What is 0 degrees Celsius?
Because their particles are locked into a rigid framework, this state of matter maintains both a fixed shape and a fixed volume.
What is a solid?
This is the process of a liquid turning into a gas at its surface before reaching its boiling point
What is evaporation?
In this specific state of matter, particles do not slide past one another; they can only vibrate in their fixed positions.
What is a solid?
Unlike standard gases, plasma can easily conduct electricity because it is full of these negatively charged subatomic particles.
What are electrons?
Unlike most substances, water does this when it freezes, which explains why ice cubes float in a glass of liquid water.
What is expands? (Accept: becomes less dense)
This state of matter has no definite volume and no definite shape, expanding to completely fill its container.
What is a gas?
You see this phase change in action when water vapor in the air cools down to form liquid droplets on the outside of a cold glass
What is condensation?
This scientific instrument is used to measure the average kinetic energy of the particles inside a substance.
What is a thermometer?
This natural, flashing electrical discharge in the atmosphere briefly creates a column of plasma in the sky.
What is lightning?
This is the exact temperature in degrees Celsius at which pure liquid water turns into water vapor at sea level.
What is 100 degrees Celsius?
Of the three standard states of matter, this one is the most easily compressible because of the vast empty space between its particles.
What is a gas?
Dry ice exhibits this rare phase change when it transitions directly from a solid to a gas without melting.
What is sublimation?
This physical process describes the natural scattering and spreading of gas particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
What is diffusion?
Because plasma consists of highly charged ions and free electrons, its shape and movement can be manipulated by this type of force field.
What is a magnetic field?
Water molecules are held tightly together by this specific, strong type of intermolecular force, giving liquid water a uniquely high boiling point.
What is hydrogen bonding?
This specific property measures a liquid's resistance to flow; honey has a very high level of it.
What is viscosity?
This is the term for a gas turning directly into a solid, skipping the liquid phase entirely, such as frost forming on a winter window.
What is deposition?
During a phase change, the temperature of a substance stays completely flat because energy is used to break these microscopic bonds rather than heat the material.
What are intermolecular forces? (Accept: bonds between molecules)
This is the term for the process where a gas gains so much energy that its atoms strip away their electrons to become plasma.
What is ionization?
Because water's solid crystal lattice takes up more space than its liquid form, ice has a lower measurement of this mass-per-volume property.
What is density?