The First Russians
What religion did many of the Rus people convert to after their leaders married into the Byzantine royal family?
Christianity
What deadly disease is referred to as the "Black Death" that ravaged Europe in the 14th century?
The Bubonic Plague
What war lasted for 116 years between France and England?
the Hundred Years war
What was the name of the series of wars fought over the English throne between two rival houses?
the war of the roses
What were the two main kingdoms of Spain before they united?
The Kingdom of Castile and the Kingdom of Aragon.
Who were the people that the Vikings (Rus) conquered and ruled over in their new settlement?
The Slavs
How did the plague spread so quickly throughout Europe in the 1300s?
Through fleas on rats that traveled along trade routes.
What did the English use to fight better than the French at the beginning of the war?
The English used longbows, which were better for shooting from a distance.
Which two noble houses fought for the English throne during the Wars of the Roses?
The House of Lancaster and the House of York
Who were the two famous rulers who united Spain in the late 1400s?
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
Who was the first ruler of the Rus, a group descended from Vikings, who settled in what would later become Russia?
Rurik
How many people are estimated to have died from the Bubonic Plague in Europe?
about 25 million people- 1/3 of Europe
Which French peasant girl rose to prominence by leading troops during the Hundred Years' War and was later canonized as a saint?
JOan of Arc
What was the decisive battle in 1485 that ended the Wars of the Roses?
The Battle of Bosworth Field
Who was Henry the Navigator, and what was his role in exploration?
Henry the Navigator was a Portuguese prince who sponsored many voyages of exploration along the west coast of Africa. Although he did not sail himself, he supported sailors and mapmakers, helping to open up new trade routes.
What major trading city did the Rus frequently visit, exchanging goods like honey, slaves, and furs?
Constantinople
How did the plague affect workers and jobs in Europe?
Many workers died, causing shortages of workers and increasing wages for the people who survived.
Which significant battle in 1415 led to a major English victory during the Hundred Years' War?
The Battle of Agincourt
Who emerged victorious from the Wars of the Roses and became the first monarch of the Tudor dynasty?
Henry VII
How did Henry the Navigator help improve navigation and exploration?
Henry helped improve navigation by encouraging the development of better maps, navigation tools like the astrolabe, and by establishing a school for sailors to learn these techniques.
Who was the Rus prince that converted to Christianity and later became a key figure in Russian history?
Vladimir
What did people think caused the plague?
Some people thought it was a punishment from God, while others thought it was caused by bad air or evil spirits.
What was the primary cause of the Hundred Years' War?
Disputes over territorial claims and the French throne
Who was the last king of the House of York, defeated at the Battle of Bosworth Field?
Richard III
How did the fall of Granada impact the Muslim and Jewish populations in Spain?
After Granada's fall, many Muslims and Jews were forced to convert to Christianity or leave Spain. The Reconquista led to religious intolerance, and many non-Christians were persecuted.