Project Management Foundations
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This is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.
What is a project?
This predictive approach plans most of the work up front and moves through distinct phases in order.
What is waterfall?
This document clearly defines what is included in the project—and what is not.
What is the scope statement?
This controlled process evaluates and approves requests to modify scope, schedule, or cost.
What is change control process?
This plan outlines what information will be shared, how often, and with whom.
What is the communications management plan? (accept communication plan)
This key document formally authorizes a project and gives the project manager authority to begin work.
What is the project charter?
In Agile, this person represents the customer and ensures the team is building the right product.
Who is the Product Owner?
This visual tool breaks project work into smaller, manageable pieces, forming a hierarchical structure.
What is the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)?
This type of risk response involves taking action to reduce the probability or impact of a threat.
What is mitigation?
This conflict resolution style occurs when both parties give up something to reach a middle ground.
What is compromise?
This term refers to anyone who has an interest in or may be affected by the outcome of a project
Who is a stakeholder?
This Agile event is a short, time‑boxed meeting where the team discusses what was completed, what's next, and any blockers.
What is the Daily Stand‑up (or Daily Scrum)?
This type of relationship means a successor task cannot start until the predecessor task has finished.
What is finish-to-start?
This document logs all identified risks, their owners, categories, triggers, and potential responses.
What is the risk register?
This communication method involves sharing information through body language, tone of voice, or visual cues rather than words.
What is nonverbal communication?
This type of work is ongoing, repetitive, and produces the same result every time—unlike a project.
What are operations?
This Agile artifact contains a prioritized list of all desired features, enhancements, and fixes for a product.
What is the product backlog?
This tool displays project activities on a timeline and is one of the most common ways to visualize a schedule.
What is a Gannt chart?
This quality tool organizes ideas into categories to identify root causes of a problem.
What is a fishbone diagram?
(also accepted: Ishikawa diagram or cause-and-effect diagram)
This leadership style focuses on guiding, teaching, and developing team members instead of commanding them.
What is servant leadership?
This type of organizational structure gives project managers the least authority, with most decisions controlled by functional managers.
What is a functional organizational structure?
This Agile concept refers to limiting the amount of work actively being done to improve flow and reduce bottlenecks
What is work-in-progress (WIP) limit?
This term refers to the point in the project when all scope, schedule, and cost baselines are set, and changes require formal approval.
What is the project baseline?
(Also: What is baseline approval?)
This risk strategy is used when a team decides to deliberately take on more risk in order to gain a competitive advantage or greater benefit.
What is risk escalation?
(Accept: risk acceptance with opportunity focus or exploit depending on context.)
According to communication theory, the receiver’s response back to the sender—confirming understanding—is called this.
What is feedback?