Geography
Who are Spain's 16th-century rivals?
France, England, Netherlands
Who loots Germany in the final phase of the war?
The French
Who is the brilliant and ruthless military strategist who carried Ferdinand II's campaign into Denmark?
Albrecht of Wallenstein
What is considered the most decisive engagement in the Thirty Years War?
The Victory at Breitenfeld
What was Albrecht of Wallenstein's fate?
Assassinated by an assassin sent by Hapsburg Ferdinand II, Archduke of Styria
Who might have been possible allie's of the German princes against the Hapsburg (Habsburg) emperor?
France, Denmark, and Sweden
What is the fourth and most devastating phase of the Thirty Years' War?
Swedish-French period
Who rules the kingdom of Sweden from 1611-1632
Gustavus Adolphus II
What three units of the Swedish army had both defensive and offensive capability
Infantry, cavalry, and artillery
What treaty ends all hostilities within the HRE?
Treaty of Westphalia (1648)
What was Ferdinand, Archduke of Styria, determined to restore and where?
Traditional faith to the eastern Habsburg lands - Austria, Bohemia, and Hungary
List the names of the respective periods of the Thirty Years' War:
Bohemian, Danish, Swedish, Swedish-French
Which King of Denmark was eager to extend Danish influence to the coastal towns of the North Sea?
King Christian IV
Why are the Germans unable to repulse foreign invaders?
They were too disunited
The Schmalkdaldic war ends with the...
Peace of Augsburg
List the names of the respective periods of the Thirty Years' War:
Bohemian, Danish, Swedish, Swedish-French
What is the foreign policy of France during the Swedish phase of the 30 Years war?
Keeping the Hapsburg armies tied down in Germany
Who became the "new" King of Bohemia?
Calvinist elector Palatine, Frederick V
What portion of the german population does the war kill?
1/3 of German population
Who or what achieved their political, cultural and religious identity in the 17th century?
Distinctive nation states
Which two states of the Holy Roman Empire gain international significance in the 17th century while the rest of Germany remains divided and politically weak?
Austria and Brandenburg-Prussia
Who is the french minister during the Swedish phase?
Cardinal Richelieu
Who defeated whom at the Battle of White Mountain in 1620?
Hapsburg Ferdinand II, archduke of Styria defeated Calvinist elector palatine Frederick V
Whose military independence had the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II long resented?
Albrecht of Wallenstein's
What "legal foundation" of the northern German Lutheran states did the Calvinists threaten?
The Peace of Augsburg (1555)