Segregation and the Jim Crow Laws
What does “segregation” mean?
Separation of people based on race
Was Harriet Tubman born free or enslaved?
Enslaved
What percentage of enslaved Africans died on the journey?
Around 20%
Name the three continents involved in the Transatlantic Slave Trade.
Europe
Americas
Africa
What type of work did enslaved people do on plantations?
Picking cotton, cutting sugarcane, planting tobacco
Name one area where Jim Crow laws enforced segregation.
Schools, buses, restaurants, toilets, parks
What was the Underground Railroad?
A secret network that helped enslaved people escape to freedom
Why did disease spread so easily on slave ships?
Poor sanitation, overcrowding, and little fresh air
Name one product sent from the Americas to Europe.
Sugar, cotton, or tobacco.
Where did enslaved people usually live on plantations?
In small, basic cabins or huts with very poor conditions.
Who was Ruby Bridges?
A 6-year-old girl who integrated an all-white school in 1960
About how many enslaved people did Harriet Tubman help escape?
Around 70 directly, and guided many more indirectly
Name one way enslaved Africans resisted on ships.
Refusing food, uprisings, suicide, escape attempts
How did the cotton gin (1793) affect slavery?
It increased demand for enslaved labor to grow and process cotton.
Name one punishment used on plantations.
Whipping, shackles, branding, withholding food
How did facilities for African Americans compare to those for white people under segregation?
They were usually much worse in quality and funding
What nickname was Harriet Tubman given?
“Black Moses” for leading her people to freedom
About how long did the Middle Passage usually take?
a) A few hours
b) Several days
c) 1–3 months
d) A full year
C. 1-3 months
Name one European country heavily involved in the slave trade.
Britain, Portugal, Spain, France, or the Netherlands.
How long were enslaved people forced to work each day?
From sunrise to sunset (between 12-16 hours)
Which 1964 law ended legal segregation in the United States?
The Civil Rights Act
What other role did Harriet Tubman play during the Civil War?
She worked as a nurse, scout, and spy for the Union Army
Why did traders pack enslaved Africans so tightly onto ships?
To maximize profit by transporting as many people as possible, even though many would die.
About how many Africans were forcibly transported across the Atlantic?
12.5 million
How did enslaved people keep their culture alive on plantations?
Through music, stories, religion, and traditions