Vocabulary
The process of settling among and controlling the people of an area.
Colonization
What internal administrative problem weakened the Qing government in the 19th century?
Widespread corruption and inefficiency among officials.
What treaties forced China to give trade privileges and territory to Western powers?
Unequal treaties such as the Treaty of Nanjing.
What political problem weakened the Joseon government in the 19th century?
Factionalism and corruption among government officials and aristocratic elites.
What internal political problem weakened both the Qing and Joseon governments?
Both suffered from corruption, factionalism, and ineffective leadership within the ruling elite.
The idea that certain societies or races are more fit to rule than others, based on a misapplication of evolutionary theory.
Social Darwinism
How did population growth contribute to Qing decline?
Rapid population growth created food shortages, land pressure, and widespread poverty.
Which reform movement attempted to modernize China but failed due to conservative opposition?
The Hundred Days' Reform.
Which social class dominated politics and contributed to inequality in Joseon Korea?
The yangban aristocratic class
What major difference existed in the role of foreign powers in each dynasty’s decline?
The Qing faced pressure from multiple Western powers and Japan, while Joseon was primarily dominated by Japan.
The act of unfairly using people or resources for benefit.
Explotation
Which major internal rebellion seriously weakened the Qing state in the mid-1800s?
The Taiping Rebellion
Which powerful conservative figure helped stop the Hundred Days’ Reform?
Empress Dowager Cixi.
How did economic problems contribute to the decline of the dynasty?
Heavy taxation, land concentration among elites, and widespread poverty among peasants.
Which rebellions symbolized internal crisis in each dynasty?
The Taiping Rebellion weakened the Qing, while the Donghak Peasant Revolution destabilized Joseon.
Believing one’s own culture is superior to others.
ethnocentric
How did the Taiping Rebellion affect the Qing government?
It caused massive destruction, millions of deaths, and weakened central authority.
What anti-foreign uprising occurred in 1899–1901?
The Boxer Rebellion.
What role did peasant unrest play in weakening Joseon authority?
Repeated uprisings showed growing dissatisfaction with the government.
How did foreign wars affect the Qing and Joseon differently?
The Qing fought major wars with Western powers and Japan, while Joseon became a battleground between larger powers such as China and Japan.
The administrative system used by a colonial power to manage its colonies.
Colonial Bureaucracy
Which wars with Western powers exposed Qing military weakness?
The First Opium War and the Second Opium War.
How did foreign imperialism weaken the Qing Dynasty?
Foreign powers gained economic privileges, territory, and influence within China.
Which major peasant uprising in 1894 challenged the Joseon government?
The Donghak Peasant Revolution.
How did nationalism influence the decline of both dynasties?
Nationalist movements criticized traditional rule and pushed for modernization and independence.