Rhetoric
What are the 3 rhetorical appeals?
ETHOS
LOGOS
PATHOS
Explain how similes & metaphors are similar and also how they differ
SIMILAR: nonliteral comparisons between unlike things
DIFFERENCE: similes use "like" or "as" to make the comparison
Name That Character Type:
Characters that remain the same throughout the story.
STATIC CHARACTERS
A Petrarchan Sonnet always features a Volta at the end of the 1st stanza.
What is a volta?
A TURNING POINT
True or False:
A quote can be its own sentence without anything to introduce or conclude it.
FALSE!
Both independent and dependent clauses must contain what 2 things?
SUBJECT & PREDICATE
What is the difference between polysyndeton and asyndeton?
POLYSYNDETON is the use of excess conjunctions between words & clauses in a sentence
whereas ASYNDETON is the omission of conjunctions between parts of a sentence
The following sentence is an example of what literary device?
"I'm so hungry that I could eat a horse!"
HYPERBOLE
What is a flat character?
A MINOR character who is simple, uncomplicated, & remains UNCHANGED.
Which kind of sonnet has a sestet?
PETRARCHAN SONNET
How many sentences should your analysis be?
AT LEAST 2
What is a sentence fragment?
FRAGMENT: a sentence that is missing a subject, predicate, or both
Which rhetorical appeal is the following sentence using?
"I frequently see the misery in a stray dog's eyes when they long for a loving home."
PATHOS: appeal to emotion
Define personification.
giving HUMAN characteristics to NONhuman things or objects.
Which type of character directly opposes the protagonist and drives the main conflict in a story?
ANTAGONIST
Name 1 specific thing that both Shakespearean Sonnets and Petrarchan Sonnets have in common.
(can't be general, like "they both are sonnets")
IAMBIC PENTAMETER
14 LINES
How many rhetorical strategies will you analyze in the Native essay?
THREE
What is the adjective clause MODIFYING in the sentence below?
"The response, which was quite unexpected, did not answer the committee's question."
ADJ CLAUSE: which was quite unexpected
MODIFYING "RESPONSE"
What's the difference between anaphora & epistrophe?
ANAPHORA: A word or phrase repeated at the BEGINNING of successive clauses.
EPISTROPHE: A word or phrase repeated at the END of successive clauses.
Which literary device is being used in the following sentence?
"Everything's fine mom; it was just a category 5 earthquake!"
UNDERSTATEMENT
downplaying a situation as less serious or important than it really is
Define both tone & mood.
TONE: the author’s attitude towards a subject, conveyed by an author's word choice, etc.
MOOD: the overall feel or atmosphere that a piece of writing evokes in the reader
How many lines are in a Petrarchan & Shakespearean sonnet?
BOTH: 14 LINES
What is a hook?
THE 1ST SENTENCE OF YOUR ESSAY
MEANT TO GRAB THE READER'S ATTENTION
What are the 3 ways to correct a run-on sentence?
1. COMMA + COORDINATING CONJUNCTION
2. SEMICOLON
3. END PUNCTUATION
What are the components of the rhetorical situation?
1. WRITER / AUTHOR
2. AUDIENCE / READER
3. TOPIC
4. PURPOSE
5. CONTEXT
How does the following sentence indirectly characterize Dr. Pesos?
"Dr. Pesos stole 3 livers he surgically removed and sold each one on the internet for a measly $20."
GREEDY / SELFISH / CHEAP / SNEAKY / UNETHICAL / ETC.
INDIRECT CHARACTERIZATION: When a character's traits are implicitly revealed through their thoughts, actions, speech, appearance, and interaction with other characters.
Give an example of direct characterization.
when an author EXPLICITLY describes a character's traits
How many stanzas are in a Shakespearean Sonnet and what are they called?
4 STANZAS
3 QUATRAINS + 1 COUPLET
What don't you want to include in your analysis?
SUMMARY :(
What do gerund , appositive , absolute , and infinitive phrases all have in common?
ALL NOUN PHRASES
Is the following sentence an example of ALLITERATION or CONSONANCE?
"Mike's bike cannot keep up with Atticus's kite."
CONSONANCE
repeated "K" sound
Define aphorism.
A short memorable statement that conveys a general truth.
Name That Type of Character:
Characters with depth and a complex personality that makes them real and relatable. They significantly change/grow through the story and have believable flaws.
ROUND CHARACTER
Give one example of a potential rhyme scheme of the 2nd stanza in a Petrarchan Sonnet.
MANY POSSIBILITIES:
MUST INCLUDE 3 NEW END RHYMES (C, D, E) IN WHATEVER ORDER!
What is a topic sentence and where does it go?
- 1st SENTENCE of BODY paragraph
- Introduces the TOPIC (rhetorical device)
- Connects the topic with the THESIS
Explain why you know that the sentence below is using passive voice.
"The heavy water bottle covered in stickers was thrown down the school hallways by rambunctious teenagers."
"The heavy water bottle covered in stickers was thrown down the school hallways by rambunctious teenagers."
1. The VERB is performed on the SUBJECTWhich rhetorical device is being used in the following quote?
“That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.” – Neil Armstrong
ANTITHESIS
Name That Literary Device:
When a character directly addresses something that's not present
APOSTROPHE
Name 1 of the 3 types of foils used in literature.
FOIL: when a character or aspect of work CONTRASTS with another character or aspect.
1. CHARACTER FOIL: a character who contrasts another character (usually protagonist) to highlight their qualities
2. OBJECT FOIL: When inanimate objects are contrasted with other inanimate objects
3. SUBPLOT FOIL: When secondary stories add complexity to main story & strengthen themes
How many stanzas are in a Petrarchan Sonnet and what kind of stanzas are they?
2 STANZAS
OCTAVE & SESTET
Where does it make the most sense to include aspects of the rhetorical situation in your Native essay?
INTRO PARAGRAPH
"The batter mixed, Sal was ready to bake his muffins."
ABSOLUTE PHRASE
MODIFYING: THE INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
Name That Rhetorical Device:
When the grammar in one phrase is reversed in the phrase that follows
CHIASMUS
Give 1 example of an idiom.
IDIOM: A nonliteral phrase that is widely understood
"The cat's out of the bag"
"Break a leg"
"Crying over spilled milk"
"Piece of cake"
"Barking up the wrong tree"
Name and define one type of diction.
COLLOQUIAL: Conversational, everyday speech
FORMAL: Proper & sophisticated language that conveys authority or elegance
ELEVATED: Serious, polite, and academic ways of speaking that convey importance or expertise on a topic
ARCHAIC: The use of words, phrases, or punctuation that is no longer used today.
ABAB CDCD EFEF GG
How would you explain a thesis statement in a rhetorical analysis?
The EFFICACY of the author's CLAIM using supporting EVIDENCE
Which sentence contains a misplaced modifier and which sentence contains a dangling modifier?
1.Cheering in the stands, the final free throw won the game.
2. The sugary kid's stash of candy has suddenly gone missing.
1.Cheering in the stands, the final free throw won the game. DANGLING
2. The sugary kid's stash of candy is currently hoarded under their bed. MISPLACED
CORRECTION: The kid's stash of sugary candy has suddenly gone missing.
Define antithesis.
Positioning CONTRASTING ideas PARALLEL to each other.
Name That Literary Device:
An indirect, often well-known, reference that is not explicitly stated or explained to the reader.
ALLUSION
What are the 3 types of irony?
VERBAL: When a character says 1 thing but means the opposite
SITUATIONAL: When something happens that is very different than what's expected
DRAMATIC: When the audience understands the situation better than the characters
What is the rhyme scheme of the 1st stanza?
OCTAVE: 8 line stanza
ABBAABBA
What's the point of writing the Native?
(except for the wrong wrong answers)
Correct the error in parallel structure:
"Janie envied Jean's good grades, cool style, and having a social life."
"Janie envied Jean's good grades, cool style, and social life."