Functions & evolution
What is the definition of human resource management?
Definition: the strategic approach to the effective management of an organization's workers so that they help the business achieve its objectives and gain a competitive advantage.
The person with the most power in an organization.
Chief Executive.
what are the functions of a manager (name at least 3)
- setting objectives
- organizing resources to meet the objectives
- directing and motivating staff
- coordinating activities
- Controlling and measuring performance against targets
Main motivator considered by Taylor.
Money.
Define no-strike agreement:
unions sign an agreement with employers not to strike in exchange for greater involvement in decisions that affect the workforce.
What is the difference between job description and person specification?
Job description: a detailed list of the key points about the job to be filled, stating all the key tasks and responsibilities of it.
Person specification: a detailed list of the qualities, skills, and qualifications that a successful applicant will need to have.
Refers to the subordinates that respond to one person.
Span of control.
what is the difference between management and leadership?
management is a set process that keeps an organization functioning. (aka: planning, budgeting, staffing, clarifying jobs, measuring performance and problem solving)
leadership is the art of motivating a group of people towards achieving a common goal.
Who came up with the ‘two-factor theory’
Herzberg
What is the difference between trade union and trade union recognition?
- Trade union: an organization of working people with the objective of improving the pay and working conditions of its members and providing them with support and legal services
- Trade Union Recognition: when an employer formally agrees to conduct negotiations on pay and working conditions with a trade union rather than bargaining individually with each worker.
What are the four main types of training and what are their definitions?
1. On the job training: instruction at the place of work on how a job should be carried out.
2. Off the job training: all training undertaken away from the business.
3. Cognitive training: exercises designed to improve a person's ability to understand and learn information
4. Behavioral skills training: is designed to improve an individual's ability to communicate and interact with others both inside and external to the organization.
When a business aims for a flatter organizational structure to reduce the costs of management salaries.
Delayering
what are Mintzberg's management roles? name one and all its subcategory
interpersonal roles
- figurehead: symbolic leather
- leader: motivating subordinates
- Laison: Linking with stakeholders
Informational
- Monitor: Collect relevant data
- Disseminator: sending relevant information to relevant people.
- Spokesperson: communicating information about the business to outsiders.
Decisional
- Entrepreneur: looking at opportunities
- Disturbance handler: responding to risky situations
- resource allocator: Allocating resources within the organization
- Negotiator: representing the organization at negotiations.
Into what three factors is Daniel Pink theory divided.
Autonomy, mastery, purpose.
List 3 different approaches to conflict resolution:
Single-union agreement
no-strike agreement
conciliation and arbitration
employee participation and industrial democracy
what is the difference between workforce planning, workforce audit, and workforce plan
workforce planning: analyzing and forecasting the numbers of workers and the skills of those workers and the skills of those workers that will be required by the organization.
workforce audit: a check on the skills and qualifications of all existing employees.
workforce plan: numbers of workers and skills of those workers required over a future time period.
Structure primarily found in the IT and high-tech sectors.
Horizontally linked structure
What are all the leadership styles? name one key characteristic about each one
Autocratic
- The leader is the absolute authority with no input from subordinates.
Paternalistic:
- Like a parent, meaning that the manager cares about workers feelings and problem.
Democratic:
- It engages employees in decision making.
Laissez-faire
- Gives workers freedom over their work, the minimum amount of supervision.
Situational
- Changes according to the situation, it is highly adaptable depending on what the business needs.
What is at the top of Maslow´s hierarchy of human needs.
Self-actualization
What is the difference between project groups and project champions?
project groups: these are created by an organization to address a problem that requires input from different specialists
project champion: a person assigned to support and drive a project forward and who explains the benefits of change.
What are the types of appraisal?
and what is redundancy
Appraisal types:
1. Formative
2. Summative
3. 360-degree feedback
4. Self-appraisal
Redundancy: when a job is no longer required so the employee doing this job becomes redundant through no fault of his or her own.
Three leaves of Handy's Shamrock organization.
Core workers, Flexible workers, Outsourced work.
what role do ethics and culture have in relation to leadership?
Ethical leaders must act and make decisions ethically. they must also leade ethically (having ethical attitudes with people and situations)
Leadership styles differ based on region or country due to culture. It usually changes due to cultural norms and partly from the needs of the manager.
Motivation theory that states that there will be demotivation if inputs by the worker are greater than jobs output.
Adams equity theory.
What are the four major causes of change?
technological innovation
macro-economic changes
legal changes
competitors actions