Nociception vs. Pain
The sensory process that detects harmful stimuli but doesn't necessarily involve conscious pain perception.
What is nociception?
The part of the insect brain that is critical for learning.
What is the mushroom body?
Conducted the hermit crab experiments.
Who is Elwood?
The cephalopod studied by Robyn Crook.
What is the longfin squid?
Reinforces avoidance of harmful stimuli in the future.
What is the potential adaptive value of pain?
A sensory sensation combined with a subjective emotional experience.
What is pain?
The amount of output neurons the mushroom body has.
What is 21?
Hermit crabs were more reluctant to evacuate their shells if these were present.
What are predators?
What mammals experience when they get injured, rather than the whole-body hypersensitivity that squid feel.
What is localized pain?
These can learn from negative stimuli through simple nociceptive responses without subjective experiences.
What are insects and crustaceans?
Their nervous systems are simpler with fewer neural connections to integrate sensory input with emotions.
What are insects?
They are highly efficient but minimalist, lacking regions analogous to human emotional centers.
What are insect brains?
Might explain why the crabs made complex decisions based on the severity of the shock and environmental context.
What is pain?
Whole-body sensitivity helps squid remain vigilant in all directions, which is advantageous for this.
What is escaping predators?
Due to energy efficiency, insects are able to avoid the high energy cost of this.
What is consciousness.
The human brain region is associated with processing emotions related to pain.
What is the amygdala?
The evolutionary advantage insects gain by not experiencing pain.
What is energy efficiency?
These crabs were more willing to switch to new shells over time.
What are shocked crabs?
These crustaceans cradle injured limbs and avoid places associated with pain, showing more localized pain perception.
What are octupuses?
These can mimic pain-avoidance behaviors without subjective experiences, suggesting animals might do the same.
What are robots?
The primary purpose of nociception from an evolutionary standpoint.
What is detection of stimuli?
The physiologist mentioned in the chapter who studies insect behavior.
Who is Adamo?
This was Elwood's conclusion after fifteen years of research.
What is maybe?
Evidence for Crook's conclusion that octopuses feel pain, they seek these out.
What are painkillers?
This false idea about animal pain is criticized in the chapter?