HEALTH INSURANCE HISTORY
Early forms of health insurance in the Progressive Era primarily covered this, not medical costs.
What are lost wages (or sickness insurance)?
Medicare Part A covers this type of insurance for those 65 and older.
What is hospital insurance?
PPO stands for this type of health insurance organization.
What is Preferred Provider Organization?
Among minority groups, this group has the highest percentage (40%) covered by Medicaid.
What is American Indian/Alaska Native?
Despite negative stereotypes, most Medicaid-eligible individuals belong to this employment category.
What are working families?
This major Depression-era innovation allowed people to pay a monthly fee for a set number of hospital care days.
What are hospital service plans?
This government program serves as the primary health coverage for approximately 80 million low-income Americans.
What is Medicaid?
Prof. LaBarca's three criteria for evaluating healthcare systems include efficiency, societal values, and this health measure.
What is how it affects our health (or health outcomes)?
This term describes the situation where people earn too much for traditional Medicaid but too little for ACA marketplace subsidies.
What is the coverage gap?
Despite stereotypes, this racial group represents the largest percentage of food stamp recipients.
What is White?
During WWII, trade associations created Blue Cross to guide hospital coverage and this organization for medical services.
What is Blue Shield?
Medicare Part D specifically covers this healthcare expense.
What are prescription drugs?
The ACA originally intended all people below this income threshold to be covered by Medicaid expansion.
What is the poverty level (or 138% of federal poverty level)?
Nearly half of this group is covered by Medicaid.
What is nonelderly adults with disabilities?
Stigma in social welfare programs can be categorized into treatment stigma and this type involving internalized negative stereotypes.
What is identity stigma?
This type of insurance rating meant all plan members shared risks equally, but was later replaced by experience rating.
What is community rating?
Unlike Medicare, Medicaid is jointly funded by federal and these government entities.
What are state governments?
The ACA established these types of organizations meant to help providers work together to deliver better care.
What are accountable care organizations (ACOs)?
This unintended consequence occurs when hospitals merge and reduce services in certain areas.
What is reduced access in underserved areas?
The term "welfare" evokes racial imagery without explicitly mentioning this.
What is race?
This major HMO started because physicians in prepaid group plans had to build their own hospitals after losing AMA privileges.
What is Kaiser Permanente?
This federal program is considered "earned benefits" while Medicaid is viewed as welfare.
What is Social Security (or Medicare)?
The U.S. healthcare system is often described as a three-legged stool balancing cost, quality, and this third element.
What is access?
These factors that affect health are often ignored by payment models.
What are social determinants of health?
Medicaid stigma manifests through these rushed medical interactions and assumptions about patients' worth.
What are discriminatory treatment practices?