Britain
A fort that Britain built in 1949
What is Halifax?
*Background info*
After France built Louisbourg (Cape Breton Island), a "military base" for France, Britain built its own: Halifax- in 1949.
Marquis de Montcalm
Who is the general who lead the French in the battle on the Plains of Abraham?
A barrier made to separate land from water.
What is a digue?
*Background info*
A digue is usually made of earth and is used to separate land from water. The Acadians used digues to prevent oceans from flooding marshes they wanted to farm.
1749
When did Britain build Halifax?
*Background info*
In 1749, Britain built a "military base" just right after France built Louisbourg.
Acadians
Who were the French Catholics that lived in New Brunswick/Acadia?
*Background info*
The Acadians were French-speaking Catholics who lived in Acadia (now New Brunswick) under British rule since 1713.
General Wolfe
Who is the British general who died on the plains of Abraham?
*Background info*
General Wolfe died in battle on the Plains of Abraham in 1759. He led the British forward to battle to defeat France.
French roots in the Acadian flag
What is the star on the Acadian flag?
*Background info*
The Acadians represent French roots with the yellow star on the top left hand side of their blue, white and red flag.
The policy of removing people of a particular culture
What is ethnic cleansing?
*Background info*
Ethnic cleansing is the policy to remove people of a particular cultural identity. For the Acadians, an example of ethnic cleansing is the Great Deportation.
1760
When did the British seize Quebec?
*Background info*
In 1760, Britain seized Quebec during the Seven Years' War. For the British it was a key victory, but it definitely did not end the war.
The Oath of Allegiance
What is the oath the British required the Acadians to take?
*Background info*
It was an oath to protect and fight with Britain against France. Because of their loyalty to France, the Acadians did not want to take the oath.
When Britain seized Quebec
When is 1760?
*Background info*
Britain seized Quebec in 1670, during the Seven Years' War, but even though it was a key victory, it did not end the war.
A descendant of the settlers of New France
What is a Canadien?
*Background info*
Catholic descendants of the settlers of New France (Canada) were called Canadiens. During the Seven Years' War, sixty-five thousand Canadiens were under British rule. Britain tried to assimilate Canadiens in ways such as not allowing Catholics from holding positions in the government.
Acadia's location
Where are New Brunswick and Nova Scotia?
*Background info*
Acadia was located in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. It was founded when France built a fort called Fort Royal in 1605.
1754-1763
What is the Seven Years' War?
*Background info*
The Seven Years' War started in 1754 when Britain and France competed to control the Ohio Valley. Later on, fighting broke out worldwide. Britain wanted to eliminate France, so they attacked them around the globe as well. The war finally ended in 1763, when an agreement, or treaty, was signed-- the Treaty of Paris.
Treaty Of Paris
What was Britain and France's agreement to end the Seven Years' War?
The reason why the battle on the Plains of Abraham occurred
What was the capture of Quebec?
*Background info*
Both France and Britain were fighting to control Quebec, and two generals were killed.
A fort that France built a in 1720
What is Louisbourg?
*Background info*
In 1720, France built a a military base called Louisbourg. It is now called Cape Breton Island. After a few years, Britain built its own fort in 1749.
The First Nation group that allied with the Acadians
Who were the Mi'kmaq?
*Background info*
The Mi'kmaq allied with the Acadians and also fought against the British.
1713
When did Britain take control of Acadia?
*Background info*
In 1713, Britain took control over Acadia through the Treaty of Utrecht.
Treaty of Utrecht: Britain won a war against France in Europe. part of the terms for peace came through gaining control over Acadia in 1713. Britain and France set out terms in the Treaty of Utrecht agreement.
The Great Deportation
What is the removal of 11 000 Acadians when they refused to take an oath?
*Background info*
The Great Deportation happened when the Acadians refused to take the Oath of Allegiance to support the British in the war between Britain and France. Britain would not take no for an answer, so they decided to deport the Acadians.
The Royal Proclamation
What is Britain's attempt to create lasting peace in North American colonies?
Pierre de Riguad de Vaudreuil de Cavagnial
Who was the last governor of France?
*Background info*
Pierre de Riguad de Vaudreuil de Cavagnial was France's last governor; in 1760, he surrendered to the British. Vaudreuil felt that fighting was pointless after the British came with their supply ships after a battle. He also felt that France could not win and that the people of France had suffered too much. Vaudreuil took steps to protect the Canadiens and France's allies, as he prepared to leave them in the hands of the British in 1760.
Where the British deported the Acadians
Where are the Thirteen Colonies/France/England?
*Background info*
During the Great Deportation the British were capturing and shipping the Acadians. They shipped the Acadians to either the Thirteen Colonies, England or France.
1755-1763
What is the Great Deportation?
*Background info*
Between 1755 and 1763, the British captured and shipped 11 000 Acadians because they refused to take an oath.
The Seven Years' War (North America)
What is the war between Britain and France to control North America?
*Background info*
The Seven Years' War started in 1754 in a Britain/France conflict to control the Ohio Valley. But it quickly grew into a war to control the entire continent. Then, fighting broke out worldwide. Britain kept working to eliminate France anywhere in the world. The war ended in 1763 when France and Britain signed a treaty- The Treaty of Paris.