Post-War
This country suffered greatly from war debts
What is Germany?
This treaty allowed Russia out of World War I and granted Germany some Russian land.
What is The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
The term for the principle that people of a common nationality should have the right to form their own nations and govern themselves.
What is self-determination?
The part of the Treaty of Versailles placed the blame for the start of WWI on Germany.
What is the war guilt clause?
President Woodrow Wilson’s speech to Congress in January of 1919, which outlined his vision for the future was called this.
The 14 points
Why did Britain and the USA want to help Germany recover?
What is trade and future peace?
The Treaty of Mutual Guarantee stated that these TWO countries would come to the assistance of any country that was attacked in violation of the Locarno Treaties.
What are Britain and Italy?
This was Georges Clemenceau’s nickname because of the way he wanted to destroy Germany economically and militarily.
What is the tiger?
According to the Treaty of Versailles, the territories of Alsace and Lorraine were returned to this country.
What is France?
Reconciling the differences between these TWO European nations at the Paris Peace conference proved to be the most challenging for peacemakers.
What are France and Germany?
This happened to bank Closings, unemployment, and business failures all during the Great Depression.
What is an increase?
What was the Dawes Plan?
An American plan provided 800 million in loans to Germany to help them pay reparations to restore economic stability to post-war Europe.
The number of annual reparations payments was to start gradually and rise at the end of five years to their maximum level. These payments were to be guaranteed by the revenues of the German railways and several other key industries. The plan was provisional and was to be renegotiated over the next ten years.
territories entrusted to the Allied powers to govern in accordance with the interests of the local population.
What are mandates?
Why was Italy frustrated and humiliated by the Paris Peace talks?
They did not receive land that was promised to them from the allies.
The Kellogg-Briand pact, which was agreed to by 65 nations, renounced this as an instrument of national policy.
Why did the French occupy the Ruhr Valley in 1923?
To force Germany to pay their reparations after they had asked for a moratorium. The possession of Ruhr mines and factories served as pledges or guarantees of German payment of reparations.
The Locarno Treaties of 1925 marked a major turning point in international affairs because it caused this.
Germany, France, and Belgium promised to respect their Joint Frontiers and no military action could be taken unless it was defensive. It created stability and security in Europe.
A Plebiscite
What is a referendum or vote by the electorate on a single issue?
What agreements were made at the Washington Naval Conference?
- Britain, the USA, France, and Japan would halt the building of capital ships for ten years, scrap a number of existing battleships and stop the construction of bases in Guam, Singapore, and Hong Kong.
- Japanese has to lower its navy to 3/5 the size of the U.S. - navy western powers can't build new naval bases near Japan.
- japan had to remove troops from china. Western powers to defend china from invasion
What was the goal of the Comintern?
To set up in 1919 to organize a worldwide revolution.
Uncontrollable inflation, lack of democratic tradition, a large number of political parties, and anger due to the signing of the Treaty of Versailles were all problems facing this German government.
What is the Weimar Republic?
What was the Young Plan?
To reduce the reparations Germany had to pay from 132 billion to 112 billion over a period of 59 years and to set up a Bank for International Settlements, which Young described ‘as the economic arm of the Kellogg Pact’.
What is isolationism? What country followed that policy after World War I ended?
Remaining aloof from international politics; usa
The leaders that made up the Council of Four at the Paris Peace Conference.
Wilson (USA), Clemenceau (France), Lloyd George (Britain), Vittorio Orlando (Italy)
What Russian leader was overthrown during the Bolshevik revolution? Why did it in 1917 cause Alarm across Europe?
Nicholas ll; European countries feared communist revolutions in their own nations