READY OR NOT
Define Virtue
a habitual and firm disposition to do the good.
Define Ethics
The study of the formation of good character & which acts complete human nature.
Define Teleology
refers to the study of a thing's end or final purpose.
Define Intellect
A human faculty that consists of a person's ability to know.
Give an example as to how Sacred Scripture & Tradition aid us in approaching real-life ethical decisions today?
Catholic Social Teaching
Church Documents
Understanding the human person
etc.
Define Venial Sin
A slight offense against God that wounds the soul and requires remedy.
Define Eudaimonia
A Greek word referring to 'flourishing' or 'deep & stable happiness'.
Define Mortal sin
A severe offense against God that wounds the soul, extinguishes the life of grace within the soul, & requires remedy.
Define Will
A human faculty that consists of a person's ability to choose.
What does Aristotle mean when saying virtue is between 2 vices, and how does this help when trying to cultivate virtue in your life?
Virtue is a balance between extremes and therefore we must approach life in a balanced way. not too silly but not too serious.
Define Hedonism
A philosophical concept that prioritizes pleasure as the only good and ultimate goal.
Define Fortitude
A cardinal virtue that focuses volatile emotions and consists of exercising courage when pursuing the good becomes difficult.
Define Justice
A cardinal virtue that sharpens the will and consists of giving to others what is due.
Define Prudence
A cardinal virtue that sharpens the will and consists of choosing the right means to reach an end.
How does Kant's formula of 'An End in Itself' help when determining the morality of an act?
An End in Itself --> can't use people as a means to an end.
Morality of an Act --> object (what), end (why), circumstance (how)
Define Temperance
If a piano falls out of the sky and crushes you, what type of ignorance would this be?
Invincible ignorance
Define Culpability
A person's objective blameworthiness for any given act.
What type of ignorance is it, when someone does not know the speed limit while driving?
Vincible Ignorance
Give an example of Christ's Kenosis in His earthly life, and describe how imitating that in our own provides us a greater freedom.
Kenosis --> perfect emptying of self
Freedom--> giving of ourselves freely helps detach us from sins, that enslaves us to our desires/passions, and helps to create habits of good which turn into VIRTUE!
Describe an example of someone who has a Bad and False conscience.
Describe an example of a Good but False conscience.
This person would believe something to be good, enact their will as informed by their intellect, however the aim of their actions would not be TRULY good.
Describe an example of someone with a Good and True conscience
This person would know what is truly good and would move their will to carry out the judgement determine by their intellect in order to achieve that purpose.
Describe an example of someone with a Bad and True conscience.
This person would know what is TRULY good, their intellect would inform their will of this, but they would choose not to enact their will accordingly. (or choose what they know to be opposed to true good)
How are Relativism & Utilitarianism similar, as well as different?
Same --> do not believe in universal truths
different --> some forms of relativism can allow for true good to be present while Utilitarianism only values what is 'most' good for 'most' people even if it is at the cost of what is the greatest good.