Foundational Theorists
This nurse is considered the founder of modern nursing and emphasized hygiene and environment in her theory.
Who is Florence Nightingale?
This term describes the structured way nurses use research and evidence to guide practice.
What is Evidence-Based Practice?
Using Jean Watson’s theory, a nurse would prioritize this aspect of patient care.
Answer: What is caring or establishing a caring relationship?
This type of research aims to generate new knowledge without immediate application to practice.
Answer: What is basic research?
These are the four components of the nursing metaparadigm.
What are person, environment, health, and nursing?
This theorist developed the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory.
Who is Dorothea Orem?
This model divides nursing knowledge into four levels: philosophy, conceptual models, theories, and empirical indicators.
Answer: What is the Nursing Knowledge Model?
In Dorothea Orem’s theory, the nurse’s role is to assist patients in performing activities they cannot do themselves. These are called:
Answer: What are self-care deficits?
This widely used framework in nursing research emphasizes systematic investigation to solve clinical problems.
Answer: What is the Nursing Process?
This component of the nursing metaparadigm addresses the external and internal surroundings affecting the patient.
What is the environment?
Known for the Adaptation Model, this theorist believed nursing’s goal is to help patients adapt to changes.
Who is Sister Callista Roy?
A system of nursing where care is directed toward the whole person, integrating biological, psychological, and social components.
What is Holistic Nursing?
Using Sister Callista Roy’s theory, a nurse might develop a care plan focusing on this for a patient facing surgery.
Answer: What is helping the patient adapt to surgical stress or changes?
This type of research combines numerical data with statistical analysis to draw conclusions.
Answer: What is quantitative research?
This component focuses on the nurse’s actions and interventions.
What is nursing?
This theorist emphasized the importance of caring in nursing practice.
Answer: Who is Jean Watson?
This conceptual model explains how patients respond to stress and how nurses can intervene to help.
Answer: What is Betty Neuman’s Systems Model?
Hildegard Peplau emphasized this critical skill to build trust and promote healing.
Answer: What is therapeutic communication?
This method of research focuses on understanding lived experiences from the perspective of participants.
Answer: What is qualitative research?
This metaparadigm component refers to the individual receiving care.
Answer: What is the person?
This nurse theorist is known for the Interpersonal Relations Model and the concept of therapeutic communication.
Who is Hildegard Peplau?
This theory focuses on achieving culturally congruent care.
Answer: What is Madeleine Leininger’s Culture Care Theory?
According to Patricia Benner, a nurse progresses through these five stages of competence.
What are Novice, Advanced Beginner, Competent, Proficient, and Expert?
This process involves critically appraising evidence to apply the best available findings in clinical practice.
Answer: What is evidence-based practice (EBP)?
This aspect of the metaparadigm includes physical, mental, and social well-being.
Answer: What is health?