Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory
This is the first stage of Piaget’s theory, which spans the first two years of life. Piaget believed that infants and toddlers “think” with their eyes, ears, hands, etc. They cannot yet carry out many activities inside their head.
What is the sensorimotor stage?
Where people move through a series of stages in which they confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations. How these conflicts are resolved determines the person’s ability to learn, to get along with others, and to cope with anxiety.
What is the psychoanalytic perspective?
A field of study devoted to understanding constancy and change throughout the lifespan.
What is developmental science?
Observation of behavior in natural contexts.
What is Naturalistic observation?
Adjusting teaching support to fit children’s current needs and suggesting strategies—promotes gains in children’s thinking.
What is scaffolding?
This involves building schemes through direct interaction with the environment.
What is adaptation?
The person is seen as developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment.
What is ecological systems theory?
This term describes the changes in intellectual abilities, including attention, memory, academic and everyday knowledge, problem-solving, imagination, creativity, and language.
What is cognitive development?
Observation of behavior in a laboratory, where conditions are the same for all participants.
What is Structured observation?
This key concept by Vygotsky describes the difference between what a child can do alone and what they can do with help.
What is the zone of proximal development?
According to Piaget, this stage, which occurs between about 7 and 11 years old, is when children start thinking logically about concrete events
What is the concrete operational stage?
This area of research seeks to understand the adaptive value of species-wide cognitive, emotional, and social competencies as those competencies change with age.
What is evolutionary developmental psychology?
This type of development changes in emotional communication, self-understanding, knowledge about other people, interpersonal skills, friendships, intimate relationships, and moral reasoning and behavior.
What is emotional and social development?
What do Clinical interviews, structured interviews, questionnaires, and tests have in common?
What is self-report?
Vygotsky believed this type of speech, where children talk to themselves, was critical for the development of self-regulation and thought.
What is private speech?
Where we create new schemes or adjust old ones after noticing that our current ways of thinking do not capture the environment completely.
What is accommodation?
This perspective views the human mind as a symbol-manipulating system through which information flows and regards cognitive development as a continuous process.
What is Information processing?
Changes in body size, proportions, appearance, functioning of body systems, perceptual and motor capacities, and physical health.
What is Physical Development?
Provides a more complete description than can be derived from a single observational visit, interview, or questionnaire.
What is an ethnography?
A broader concept than scaffolding, it recognizes cultural and situational variations in shared endeavors between more expert and less expert participants.
What is guided participation?
This final stage starts around age 12 and continues into adulthood, where the capacity for abstract and scientific thinking develops.
What is the formal operational stage?
A dynamic systems approach to development that assumes development is lifelong, multidimensional and multidirectional, highly plastic, and affected by multiple interacting forces.
What is Lifespan perspective?
The ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to development.
What is resilience?
The findings may be biased by researchers’ theoretical preferences. They cannot be applied to individuals other than the participant.
What is a clinical or case study method?
Where children acquire the ways of thinking and behaving that make up their community’s culture through social interaction—in particular, cooperative dialogues with more knowledgeable members of society.
What is sociocultural theory?