Piaget Congnitive stages
He is the Swiss psychologist who proposed that children progress through four distinct stages of cognitive development
Who is Jean Piaget?
This Russian psychologist emphasized the profound role of social interaction and culture in the development of cognition.
Who is Lev Vygotsky?
His psychosocial theory suggests that personality develops in a series of eight stages across the entire lifespan.
Who is Erik Erikson?
She was Italy's first female physician, famous for designing an educational method focused on self-directed activity and hands-on learning.
Who is Maria Montessori?
This British psychologist is considered the father of attachment theory, believing that early bonds with caregivers have a lifelong impact.
Who is John Bowlby?
This is the first stage of Piaget's theory, spanning from birth to age two, where infants learn through their senses and motor actions.
What is the sensorimotor stage?
Abbreviated as ZPD, this is the distance between what a learner can do without help and what they can do with help.
What is the Zone of Proximal Development?
This is the very first psychosocial crisis infants face, where they learn whether or not they can rely on their caregivers.
What is Trust vs. Mistrust?
Montessori used this phrase to describe a classroom environment meticulously arranged with child-sized furniture and accessible materials.
What is the prepared environment?
Mary Ainsworth designed this famous laboratory procedure to observe infant attachment patterns by separating and reuniting them with their mothers.
What is the Strange Situation?
This concept refers to a child's understanding that an object still exists even when it is hidden from view.
What is object permanence?
This instructional technique involves providing temporary support to a child as they learn a new concept or skill, gradually removing it as they gain independence.
What is scaffolding?
During the toddler years (ages 1–3), children assert their independence, facing this conflict as they learn to control their actions.
What is Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt?
This term refers to specific windows of time in a young child’s life where they are highly susceptible to learning specific skills, such as language or order.
What are sensitive periods?
infants with this primary, healthy attachment style explore comfortably in a novel room and are easily comforted by their caregiver upon return.
What is secure attachment?
n the preoperational stage, this term describes a child's inability to see a situation from another person's point of view.
What is egocentrism?
Vygotsky believed this internal monologue, common in young children, serves as a tool for self-regulation and problem-solving.
What is private speech (or self-talk)?
In preschool years (ages 3–5), children try to assert power and control over their world through play; failing this stage can lead to feelings of self-doubt.
What is Initiative vs. Guilt?
Montessori described the infant and toddler mind using this specific term, highlighting their natural capacity to effortlessly soak up knowledge from their environment.
What is the absorbent mind?
Bowlby called the mental representation a child builds of themselves and their caregivers based on early interactions by this three-word term.
What is the Internal Working Model?
This term refers to the cognitive process of altering existing schemas, or ideas, as a result of new information or new experiences.
What is accommodation?
Vygotsky referred to parents, teachers, and peers who possess a higher level of skill or understanding than the learner by this four-word phrase.
What is the More Knowledgeable Other (MKO)?
This is the primary virtue achieved when a child successfully navigates the "Initiative vs. Guilt" stage of development.
What is purpose?
Unlike traditional toys, Montessori classrooms feature these types of self-correcting objects, which allow children to discover their own errors without adult intervention.
What are didactic materials
This specific type of insecure attachment style is often observed in children who show a lack of a clear attachment strategy, often appearing confused or fearful upon a caregiver's return.
What is disorganized attachment?