People
American psychologist, one of the pioneers of modern behaviourism.
What is Burrhus Skinner?
Word-for-word repetition of all or part of someone else’s utterance.
What is Imitation?
The idea of individuals being born empty of any built-in mental content, so that all knowledge comes from later perceptions or sensory experiences.
What is Blank Slate Theory (J. Locke)?
This type of error is the result of trying to use a rule or pattern in a context where it does not belong.
What is Overgeneralization?
Randall (3 years, 5 months) was looking for a towel.
You took all the towels away because I can’t dry my hands.
What is Order of Events?
American linguist, sometimes called 'the father of modern linguistics', and one of the founders of cognitive science.
What is Noam Chomsky?
Repetitive manipulation of form.
What is Practice?
The comparison Chomsky made between language and biological functions.
What is Language Development = Biological Development?
The idea that animals, including humans, are genetically programmed to acquire certain kinds of knowledge and skill at specific times in life.
What is The Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH)?
Victor & Genie
What is The Critical Period Hypothesis?
Swiss psychologist who developed an interest in epistemology and child cognitive development.
What is Jean Piaget?
Innate linguistic knowledge which, it is hypothesized, consists of a set of principles common to all languages.
What is Universal Grammar (UG)?
The process that leads to correct language use.
What is Habit Formation?
Apart from CPH, the other limitation Innatism presents.
What is language separated from other aspects of cognitive development in an independent module in the brain, which was diffult to physically map?
Randall (36 months) had a sore on his hand.
MOTHER: Maybe we need to take you to the doctor.
RANDALL: Why? So he can doc my little bump?
What is Overgeneralization?
Russian and Soviet psychologist who created the framework known as cultural-historical activity theory.
What is Lev Vygotsky?
A metaphorical construct that refers to the part of the brain that is programmed for language learning.
What is Language Acquisition Device (LAD)?
Role of the environment in Behaviourism & Innatism.
What is the absolute source of learning and structure, and a mere trigger or spark for biology?
When David (5 years, 1 month) was at his older sister’s birthday party, toasts were proposed with grape juice in stemmed glasses.
FATHER: I ’d like to propose a toast.
Several minutes later, David raised his glass.
DAVID: I ’d like to propose a piece of bread.
What is Focus on Meaning?
A mother and her child are laying the table together.
CHILD: I putted the plates on the table!
MOTHER: You mean, I put the plates on the table.
CHILD: No, I putted them on all by myself!
What is Overgeneralization & Focus on Meaning?
Educational psychologist and applied linguist who contributed to theories of bilingualism and language acquisition through parent-child interaction.
What is Catherine Snow?
Consequences that increase the likelihood of an organism's future behavior, typically in the presence of a particular antecedent stimulus
What is Reinforcement?
The concept Skinner used to describe language.
What is Verbal Behaviour?
Children who do little overt imitation acquire language as fully and rapidly as those who imitate a lot.
What is Low Imitators?
Johanne Paradis, Fred Genesee, and Martha Crago (2011) concluded that cognitive and linguistic outcomes were generally very positive.
What is early language experience comes from studies of ‘international adoptees’?