Sociologists focus on the __________ by looking at the social context and meaning based on context.
What is environment?
100
This hypothesis states that learning a language has two parts; 1) subconscious exposure and 2) structured information.
What is Acquisition/Learning Hypothesis?
100
There are eight factors that influence this, including social dominance, integration pattern, enclosure, cohesiveness, size, cultural congruence, attitude, and intended length of residence.
What is social distance?
100
This theory of Second Language Acquisition states that learners make adjustments through interactions and this helps them make input comprehensible.
What is Long's interaction hypothesis?
100
This approach teaches grammar rules explicitly with practice and decontextualized exercises.
What is language as structure?
200
Psychologists focus on the _________ by assessing speech patterns and development over time.
What is child?
200
This hypothesis states that some aspects of language are picked up earlier than others.
What is Natural Order Hypothesis?
200
Adopting a new culture without losing the old one.
What is acculturation?
200
This person proposed that both input and output play an important role in second language acquisition based off of research in French immersion classes.
Who is Merrill Swain?
200
This approach uses a few grammar rules to help students monitor output.
What is language as mental faculty?
300
Linguistics focus on the __________ by assessing basic rules of __________ and the learning process.
What is language?
300
This hypothesis states that acquisition helps with the production of language, while learning provides us with the rules for using language properly.
What is Monitor Hypothesis?
300
Results in the loss of a native language and culture.
What is assimilation?
300
This person developed the following model:
Receptivity + Attention-focusing = Input
Investment + Apprehension/Comprehension = Intake
Practice + Retention Access = Uptake
Authentic Use + Extension Creativity = Proficiency
Who is Van Lier?
300
This teaching method uses grammar forms, modeling, joint construction, and individual practice.
What is language as functional resource?
400
This American linguist proposed that children acquire language by exposure without formal instruction or specific training.
Who is Noam Chomsky?
400
This hypothesis is key to Krashen's theory of language acquisition. It states that people acquire language only by receiving oral or written messages that they can understand.
What is Input Hypothesis?
400
Acculturation does not require student to give this up.
What is primary language?
400
Effective classes for ELLs have these at levels that students are comfortable producing.
What is input and output?
400
This happens when teachers correct grammar mistakes.
What is negative feedback?
500
At this age, children expand their vocabulary at a rate of a new word every two hours.
What is eighteen months?
500
This hypothesis states that other factors like anxiety, boredom, nervousness, or embarrassment can impact language acquisition.
What is Affective Filter Hypothesis?
500
Language learners with this kind of attitude toward the culture and language are more likely to learn.
What is positive?
500
According to Long, this is needed for social interaction.
What is output?
500
This type of instruction allows students to look at structures of language and figure out the rule.