Who's who?
The father of operant conditioning.
Who is B.F. Skinner?
The age, normally from birth to puberty, in which a child can learn language most efficiently.
What is the Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH)?
A baby in the United States and a baby in Egypt develop language skills at the same rate.
What is evidence for Chomsky's theory of Universal Grammar?
Cognitive behavior, Behaviorism, Universal Grammar
What are three theories of language acquisition?
Stated that intelligence is not a fixed trait.
Who is Jean Piaget?
Reinforcements, punishments, and reinforcement schedules.
What are the key components of the theory of behaviorism?
Abbie (4) tells her mom she wants another glass of water.
Alex (12) writes an essay about whether the cup is half full or half empty.
What is evidence for Piaget's theory of Cognitive Behavior?
Explain why children are able to learn language in only a few years.
What does the problem of language acquisition challenge researchers to do?
Argued that because children learn at equal rates and are able to learn language very quickly, a biological system for language acquisition must be present.
Who is Noam Chomsky?
The amount of language children are able to use at such a young age could not be formed if a child was only dependent on stimuli.
What is the poverty of stimulus hypothesis?
Sam is a six year old feral child shown sign language for the first time. In one year, Sam is just as proficient and adept in sign language as the average six year old exposed to it from birth.
What is evidence for the critical period hypothesis?
The ability to develop language and use words and form sentences. Language differentiates humans from other animals.
What is language acquisition and why is it important?
Associated himself with the belief that psychology should be an official science that presents and proves theories through empirical data and quantitative evidence.
(Hint: Highly influenced by Pavlov and Watson)
Who is B.F. Skinner?
Children can understand abstract ideas and manipulate language.
What is the Formal operational state of the theory of Cognitive Behavior?
A mouse pushes down on a lever for food.
A dog salivate when he hears the sound of a bell.
What is evidence of operant conditioning?
What is evidence of classical conditioning?
The study of knowledge.
What is epistemology?
Presented the Poverty of Stimulus hypothesis which formed as the basis for his theory on language development.
Who is Noam Chomsky?
Separates language into categories (nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc.) regardless of how it is used grammatically.
What is the theory of the language acquisition device?
Tom is four years old. He is with his mother at the supermarket and begins to scream and cry. His mother gives him a piece of candy to be quiet.
Relative to the mother: What is an example of a negative reinforcement? (she will give Tom candy again to make him stop crying)
Relative to Tom: What is a positive reinforcement? (Tom will likely act out again to get another piece of candy)
The 4 stages of cognitive development.
What is the (1) sensorimotor stage, (2) pre-operational stage, (3) concrete-operational stage, and (4) formal operational stage?