Theories (Basic)
Theories (Advanced)
Etc. Etc.
Exam 3 Mistakes
100

What does retribution mean in the context of criminal justice?

Repayment

100

According to the retribution theory, what is one way for a criminal to reconcile with society?

To suffer the same harm inflicted on their victim.

100

What is Recidivism?

When someone repeats criminal behavior after having already been punished for that behavior.

100

What are the three main exceptions to hearsay?

Admissions, Dying Declaration, Excited Utterance
200

Which ancient laws are examples of the retribution theory?

Hebrew scriptures and Babylonian codes.

200

How does punishment deter individuals other than the specific defendant in deterrence theory?

By making an example of one person, it deters others from committing similar crimes.

200

What are the Five Procedural Steps to Arraignment (not including plea, bail, and scheduling next court date)?

1. Def. formally charged; 2. Judge ensures Def. understands charges; 3. Judge gives Def. copy of the accusatory instrument, 4. Judge ensures Def. understands rights, 5. Judge appoints defense attorney, if necessary.

200

What are the Four Miranda Warnings?

1. Right to remain silent, 2. Anything said can be used as evidence, 3. Right to an attorney and to have an attorney during questioning, 4. Right to have an attorney provided by the state.

300

What is the main purpose of the deterrence theory?

To prevent future crimes by punishing past ones.

300

What is the primary method of isolation used to prevent further criminal conduct?

Confinement in a prison or similar secured facility.

300

What are the Four Kinds of Evidence? Give an example for each one.

Testimonial, documentary, physical, demonstrative.

300

In an essay, what question should your conclusion try to answer?

"So what?"

400

What recent legislation limits solitary confinement in New York to 15 days?

The Humane Alternatives to Long-Term Solitary Confinement Act (HALT).

400

In the context of rehabilitation, why must sentencing decisions treat each offender as an individual?

Because society must acknowledge and address each individual's special needs and problems.

400

What are the Five Parts of an Opening Statement?

1) introduction;2) brief summary of the case;3) brief summary of what the evidence will show (how it happened);4) basis of guilt/non-guilt (liability/nonliability in civil trials); and5) conclusion.
400

During Direct Examination, the examining attorney should ask _______ questions. During Cross Examination, the examining attorney should ask _______ questions.

1. Open-Ended, 2. Leading

500

What is the goal of rehabilitation in the context of criminal punishment?

To restore the criminal to useful life and help them conform to society's laws.

500

Why does the rehabilitation theory focus on the future rather than the past?

It aims to prepare the criminal to reenter society with a different attitude toward and respect for the law.

500

What is the correct order, from lowest standard to highest, of the following:

  • Reasonable Suspicion
  • Beyond a Reasonable Doubt
  • Articulable Basis (to fear for safety)
  • Founded Suspicion (that criminality is afoot)
  • Articulable Reason
  • Preponderance of the Evidence (51%)
  • Probable Cause

1. Articulable Reason 2. Founded Suspicion (that criminality is afoot) 3. Reasonable Suspicion 4. Articulable Basis (to fear for safety) 5. Probable Cause 6. Preponderance of the Evidence (51%) 7. Beyond a Reasonable Doubt

500

What are all of the objections we went over in class?

1.Repetitive Question 2.Compound Question 3.Leading Question 4.Speculative Question 5.Argumentative Question 6.Irrelevant Question 7.Unfairly Prejudicial 8.Call for Hearsay/Hearsay Answer 9.Unresponsive Question 10.Narrative Answer
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