Krashen based this model of SLA on the research of Noam Chomsky.
What is the monitor model?
100
Schumann claims that acquiring a new language is part of a general process of this.
What is acculturation?
100
Swain argues that language learners need the opportunity for this.
What is output?
100
Van Lier claims that certain these are necessary for certain outcomes.
What are conditions?
100
Derewianka identified three approaches to teaching grammar that have been widely used: language as structure, language as mental faculty and this.
What is language as functional resource?
200
Krashen's Monitor Model consists of five interrelated these.
What are hypotheses?
200
Schumann's hypotheses is that the greater this is between two cultures, the greater the difficulty of learning the second culture's language.
What is social distance?
200
Swain claims that, in talking, we string sentences together and that requires attention to this.
What is syntax?
200
Van Lier's model of SLA includes both this and this.
What are input and output?
200
Language as structure involves identifying different these and the rules for combining them into sentences.
What are parts of speech?
300
Krashen states that language is acquired. He constrasts acquisition with this.
What is learning?
300
Schumann's concept of psychological distance includes motivation, attitude and this.
What is culture shock?
300
Students in French immersion classes did not reach native-like proficiency because their teachers did most of this.
What is talking?
300
Language that is comprehended changes from input to this.
What is intake?
300
Traditional approaches to grammar teaching result in students learning about the language but not developing the ability to do this in the language.
What is communicate?
400
Gee offered a definition of acquisition that expands on Krashen's by including this.
What is a social component?
400
Schumann claims that for a learner to acquire full proficiency in a second language, he or she must be this.
What is acculturated?
400
Swain believes students must move from a purely semantic analysis of the language to this type of analysis.
What is syntactic?
400
Language that is retained and can be accessed is considered this.
What is uptake?
400
The language as mental faculty approach is based on the work of Chomsky, who views language as a built-in this.
What is mental ability?
500
Krashen's second hypothesis is that language is acquired in this order.
What is natural?
500
According to Schumann's theory, teachers should create a classroom environment in which students can develop a positive attitude toward these.
What are speakers of the target language?
500
Producing output requires us to access parts of the language system different from that which we use to do this.
What is comprehend input?
500
It is the ability to use language in this way that is a measure of proficiency.
What is creatively?
500
Language as functional resource is based on studies by Halliday, whose approach has been translated into a metiod of teaching called this, in Australia.