Ancient Greek Terms
Topics, like brainstorming patterns. Aristotle suggests one finds argument patterns, inductive and deductive, in these.
Topoi
Plato builds his argument largely by attacking someone else’s argument. What strategy is this?
Destructive Philosophy
The biggest group of Barbaroi that rivals Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.
The Sophists.
What a speaker must do to give a speech. This contains five parts.
Canons of Oratory/Duties of the Orator.
Invention
Disposition
Elocution
Pronunciation
Memory
The power of the Greeks is declining, and the power of the Romans is increasing.
Hellenistic Period
Greek city-state structure
Polis
The fields of study according to The Philosopher King.
One is not a field, one is a systematized field, and one is a field based on a body of knowledge.
Knack, Art, and Episteme.
The bad boy of the Sophistic world.
Gorgias
The three main genres in which speech takes form. This allows Grecians to learn how to be an effective citizen in the polis.
There are three parts!
Theory of Genres of Rhetoric, which includes Deliberative, Forensic, and Epideictic.
Gives rise to Christianity after the Holy Roman Empire. We see Christian rhetorical theory developed here.
Medieval Period
Formal books, technical manual, how-to book.
Technai
A particular form of intellectual exchange, a form of inquiry. This is cooperative. The process by which one discovers Truth.
There's an argument made, a counterargument, and the combination of both for THE ultimate argument.
Dialectic
(Bonus Points! Thesis, Antithesis, and Synthesis are the steps).
The action of taking someone else’s speech, learning it, and acting it out. When one band covers another band’s song, that’s technically BLANK.
Declamation
Forms of appeal a speaker may use with an audience. There are three forms.
Theory of Modes of Proof.
Logos, Ethos, and Pathos.
Focus is placed not on how to give a speech or what happens in the minds of the audience, but rather on understanding how communication affects society overall, and how it shapes a culture/ideology.
Contemporary Period
The development of moral character.
Hexis
Some things are True, absolute, always existing. The Truth exists, and it cannot be created.
Others believe that truth can be discovered.
What are these concepts called?
A priori and A posteriori
The Sophists believe in relativism, and this theory encases this ideology in an ever-changing world. We have that which is nonchanging, and that which changes rapidly.
Theory of Nomos and Physis
Two forms of rhetorical proof. One is what the speaker GETS to do, like developing arguments, and another is what the speaker HAS to do, like meeting all of the canons of rhetoric.
Artistic and Inartistic Proofs
Rationalism and Empiricism develop in this time period.
Modern Period
Public Opinion
Doxa
BLANK is a Truth, anything that is not a BLANK is a BLANK. The theory of nomos and physis is in the latter camp.
Theory of Forms VS Things
The way in which Sophists instructed students on learning. Combined, these components at MOST add up to the canon of elocution.
Theory of Cadence, Structure, and Sound.
Our main syllogism for class, most basic, deductive form. The pattern is always valid, but not necessarily sound. There are three parts.
Modus Ponens.
Modus Ponens suggests:
[All men are mortal (major)]
[Socrates is man (minor)]
Therefore, [Socrates is mortal (conclusion)]
Structural issues of communication and how they’re embedded in society and how they, in turn, shape the world around us in this time period.
Postmodernism