TTM
In the preparation stage, when you are intending to act, what is the timeline of how long you are planning to start acting?
1 month
Before drinking alcohol, an individual reads the label of warnings associated with drinking. Consequently the individual decides to refrain from drinking. Which construct influenced their decision?
Cues to action
What are the limitations of TRA and TPB in predicting behavior?
They rely mostly on self reports, assuming behavior is voluntary and consciously analyzed beforehand, and not useful to predict or explain irrational or impulsive behavior.
Why was Momentary Salience (MS) added to the descriptive MAU model?
To separate the immediate importance of a consequence from long-term evaluations and to reflect changing priorities over time and situations.
A person begins exercising because they initially want to lose weight, but over time, they come to enjoy how it makes them feel and continue for personal satisfaction. What type of extrinsic motivation regulation does this represent?
Identified regulation
What is the first stage of change in the TTM?
Pre-contemplation
This component of the health belief model refers to how likely a person thinks they are to develop a health condition?
Perceived threat/ perceived susceptibility
What are the two main components of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)?
- Attitude toward the behavior
- Subjective norms
What are the three components of the MAU?
1. Subjective value
2. Subjective probability
3. Momentary Salience
This basic psychological need in SDT refers to a person’s desire to feel in control of their choices and behaviors?
Autonomy
What stage relates to having no temptation to relapse?
Termination
What construct refers to the belief of the seriousness of contracting an illness or condition if left untreated?
Perceived severity
What component does the theory of planned behavior add to the TRA and why?
TPB adds perceived behavioral control to account for situations where the behavior is not entirely under a person’s control
What does Momentary Salience (MS) measure?
How important a consequence feels to a person right now
In SDT, this form of motivation refers to engaging in a behavior because it is inherently enjoyable or satisfying?
Intrinsic motivation
Someone who knows they need to eat healthier but has not yet started making changes is in which stage?
Contemplation
An individual is considering getting a flu vaccine, however is worried about the discomfort or side effects of the vaccine. Which construct in the Health Belief Model does this reflect?
Perceived barriers
In TPB, how is perceived behavioral control different from actual behavioral control?
Perceived control is what someone believes they can do, while actual control refers to whether they truly have the ability or resources to do it
What are examples of consequences used in the MAU model for behaviors like smoking or drinking?
- Having friends
- Looking cool
- Having a hangover
According to SDT, this need is fulfilled when a person feels effective and capable in performing a task?
Competence
There are 3 principles of change, what are two of them?
1. Decisional balance: weighing pros and cons
2. Self-efficacy: confidence to be able to cope without relapse)
3. Processes of change: activities used to progress through stages.
Based on empirical evidence, these two constructs proved to be the most influential in predicting health behavior
Perceived barriers and perceived benefits
How do subjective norms influence behavioral intention in TRA and TPB?
Represent the perceived social pressure to perform or not perform a behavior. If an individual believes that society expects them to perform that behavior, then subjective norms will increase their intention of doing so.
How does the MAU model calculate an overall decision score?
By multiplying the SV, SP, and MS of each consequence and summing them to predict behavior.
According to SDT research, these two needs are considered the most critical for fostering long-term internalization and well-being?
Autonomy and relatedness