Founders and Origins
Who is considered the founder of Psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
In Psychoanalysis, what is the part of the mind that operates on the pleasure principle?
The Id
What is the goal of Person-Centered Therapy?
To promote self-actualization and congruence
What are the three core conditions Rogers identified for effective counseling?
Empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard
A client reports feeling anxious before tests. You use relaxation training and gradual exposure. Which theory fits?
Behavioral
Which theory was developed by Alfred Adler and emphasizes social interest and purpose?
Adlerian Therapy
Which theory emphasizes that people are motivated by goals and strive for superiority?
Adlerian
In Behavioral Therapy, what is the primary goal of treatment?
To modify maladaptive behaviors through learning principles
Name one classic technique associated with Behavior Therapy.
Systematic desensitization, reinforcement, or exposure
A client repeatedly misses sessions and seems resistant. You explore the meaning of this behavior and possible transference.
Psychoanalytic
Which two theorists are known for Person-Centered and Gestalt Therapy?
Carl Rogers and Fritz Perls
Which approach focuses on the “here and now” and awareness through experiential exercises?
Gestalt
What is the aim of Reality Therapy?
To help clients make effective choices that meet their needs responsibly.
Which Cognitive Therapy technique helps clients test the validity of their beliefs?
Socratic questioning or cognitive restructuring
A teen says, “I never get things right — I’m stupid.” You help them identify evidence for and against this thought. Which approach?
Cognitive
Who created Reality Therapy and the concept of “Choice Theory”?
William Glasser
In Cognitive Therapy, what are automatic thoughts?
Immediate, often unconscious interpretations of events
In Feminist Therapy, what is a central therapeutic goal beyond symptom reduction?
Empowerment and Social Change
In Gestalt Therapy, what is the purpose of the “empty chair” technique?
To facilitate dialogue between conflicting parts of self
Sam describes tension between what they “should” be doing and what they want to do. You invite them to speak to their “should” self in the empty chair.
Gestalt
Which feminist theorists emphasized the importance of power analysis in therapy?
Jean Baker Miller OR Laura Brown
Which approach sees problems as arising from disconnection from personal meaning and freedom?
Existential Therapy
What is the goal of Family Systems Therapy?
To change interaction patterns and improve family functioning as a whole.
Name one technique unique to Adlerian Therapy.
Early recollections, family constellation, or encouragement
A family seeks help after their teenager comes out as transgender. You work to help each member understand their reactions and adjust family roles.
Family Systems/Multicultural