Piaget & Stages
Stage from birth to 2 where infants learn through senses and actions; object permanence emerges.
Sensorimotor
First stage (birth–18 months) — the central conflict that builds hope when resolved.
Trust vs. Mistrust
Theorist who studied the Bobo Doll and observational learning.
Albert Bandura
The lowest level of Bloom’s taxonomy — recall of facts.
Theorist who proposed the Hierarchy of Needs.
Who is Abraham Maslow?
Stage (2–7) marked by symbolic play and egocentrism.
Preoperational
Stage (18 months–3 years) where children practice independence.
Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
Theory that behavior is shaped by consequences—name the theorist.
B.F. Skinner
Level where students must compare parts and show relationships.
Analyzing
Name the theory that intelligence is multi-dimensional with 8 types.
Howard Gardner (Multiple Intelligences)
Stage (7–11) when children understand conservation and think logically about concrete events.
Concrete Operational
Stage (3–5 years) centered on _____________.
initiative vs. guilt
Term for temporary supports teachers give students to perform tasks within their ZPD.
Scaffolding
Level asking students to judge value using evidence (higher-order).
Evaluating
Name the stage label and age range where children develop object permanence.
Sensorimotor (birth–2)
Stage developing around 12+ where abstract and hypothetical reasoning appears.
Formal Operational
Stage (5–12 years) where competence is the desired outcome—name the conflict.
What is Industry vs. Inferiority?
Term Bandura used for a learner’s belief in their ability to succeed.
Self-efficacy
Level that asks students to design or create an original product.
Creating
Which theorist emphasized social interaction as central to cognitive development and coined ZPD?
Lev Vygotsky
Give one classroom activity appropriate for the pre operational stage.
- playing dress-up with community helper costumes
- building a city or town with blocks
- playing restaurant and assigning roles
Classroom implication of Erikson’s stages for adolescents (identity formation).
Supporting identity exploration through choices, reflective activities, and affirming feedback
Bronfenbrenner’s layer that includes cultural values, laws, and custom
Macrosystem
Design a short classroom prompt that assesses “Analyzing” for child development content.
identify similarities and differences
Give a classroom implication that connects Bronfenbrenner and family–school partnerships
Engage families in classroom events, communicate learning goals, and create home–school projects that honor cultural practices.