Famous Theorists
Theories in the Raw
Social and Policy Implications
Theories Unwrapped
Misc.
100
These two theorists formed what is known as the Routine Activity Theory.
Who are Cohen and Felson?
100
According to Routine Activity Theory, these three elements are necessary for a crime to occur.
What are motivated offender, suitable targets and capable guardians?
100
According to Situational Crime Prevention, fencing in a yard and personal ID numbers on a door increase _______________ for the offender.
What is effort?
100
This type of criminology explains that features of physical and social environment influence the availability of criminal opportunities.
What is environmental?
100
Samson and Laub used the work done by these two theorists to explain their developmental theory.
Who are Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck?
200
This theorist describes a type of crime prevention known as Situational Crime Prevention.
Who is Clarke?
200
According to Environmental Criminologists, the distribution of crime is influenced by ___________.
What is the distribution of criminal opportunities?
200
Environmental Criminologists do not see this as a central weapon in fighting crime.
What is the Criminal Justice System?
200
This theory was described by Hindelang, et.al to explain how certain groups are more likely to be victimized because of their routine activities.
What is Lifestyle Theory?
200
This term is used to describe the initial entry into crime.
What is onset?
300
This theorist explains the differences of life-course persistent and adolescent-limited offenders.
Who is Moffit?
300
This theory explains how offenders use nodes and cognitive maps to find opportunities to offend.
What is Offender Search Theory?
300
According to Situational Crime Prevention, security cameras and outside lighting increase ___________ for the offender.
What is risk?
300
Wilson and Kelling argued that these two things are NOT the root causes of crime.
What are poverty and crime?
300
This terms is used to describe how people vary in their orientation toward criminal conduct.
What is heterogeneity?
400
These two theorists are known for the Broken Window Theory.
Who are Wilson and Kelling?
400
This perspective is dynamic in explaining crime (unfolds over time through different contexts).
What is Developmental?
400
Those who believe in Broken Windows Theory would argue for these two governmental instruments to reduce crime.
What are prisons and police?
400
In a return to a previous theory, Samson and Laub believe that the establishments of these are key to changing the criminal trajectory for a person.
What are social bonds?
400
This “time” was neglected by previous criminologists because criminal behavior tended to peak around 17-18 years old and focusing on juveniles was practical for study design.
What is childhood?
500
This theorist studied urban residential housing communities to examine how design forms implications for crime.
Who is Newman?
500
Both Individual Trait and Self-Control Theory can be used in developmental theory, specifically theories of _________________.
What is continuity?
500
Newman describes these two types of housing as more defensible by residents, resulting in less crime.
What are walk-up style housing/townhouses and mid-rise buildings?
500
To explain continuity and change, Giordano, Cernkovich and Rudolph state that human agency involves these four cognitive shifts.
What are 1. openness to change, 2. look favorably on the hook for change/see it as incompatible with continued deviation, 3. form a replacement self/new identity, 4. deviant behavior has to be seen as negative?
500
This type of research is commonly used in developmental criminology.
What is longitudinal?
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