Douglas McGregor
Where did McGregor teach?
MIT
What time period influenced Theory X and Y?
World War II era
Is Theory X positive or negative?
Negative
Is Theory Y positive or negative?
Positive
Who controls decisions in Theory X?
The Manager
What book did he write in 1960?
The Human Side of Enterprise
What field became popular in business in the 1940s–50s?
Psychology
What do Theory X managers believe about workers?
They dislike work and avoid responsibility
What do Theory Y managers believe about workers?
They enjoy work and seek responsibility
Who helps make decisions in Theory Y?
The Team
What two theories did he create?
Theory X and Theory Y
What shift did McGregor’s ideas create?
From mechanical management to human-centered management
What kind of jobs fit Theory X?
Routine or manual work
What type of jobs fit Theory Y?
Creative or problem solving jobs
How is communication in Theory X?
One-way (boss to worker)
What did he study in university?
Psychology
When was The Human Side of Enterprise published?
1960
How do Theory X managers control workers?
With strict rules and punishment
How do Theory Y managers lead?
By coaching and trusting employees
How is communication in Theory Y?
Two-way (open discussion)
When was McGregor born?
1906
What kind of work helped spread these theories?
White-collar work
What’s one problem with Theory X?
Low morale and creativity
What’s one risk of Theory Y?
Lack of discipline or slower decisions
Which theory encourages innovation?
Theory Y