I "lub" you
The valve found between the right atrium and ventricle.
Tricuspid valve (*remember LAB RAT)
Number of lobes in the left lung.
Two (separated by an oblique fissure)
The smallest and thinnest blood vessels that promote gas exchange.
Capillaries
The renal veins drain into the ______
The thickest layer of an arterial wall, that allows for vasodilation/vasoconstriction.
Tunica media
Gas exchange between the blood and tissues.
Internal respiration
RBCs have this shape, which increases surface area to allow for greater oxygen transport.
Bioconcave
Endocardium
The structure that represents the last portion of the conducting zone.
Terminal bronchiole
With respect to blood pressure, the systolic value represents ventricular ______________.
contraction
Two superficial veins found in the U/E.
Cephalic (lateral aspect of arm)
Basilic (medial aspect of arm)
Median cubital
A blood pressure cuff is placed over the arm, between the shoulder and elbow. It would pick up the pulse of the _______ artery.
Brachial
Gas exchange between the lungs and tissues.
External respiration
These cells play a key role in blood clotting.
Platelets
If the SA and AV nodes were damaged, this structure would become the 'pacemaker.'
Bundle of His (conduction pathway = SA node --> AV node --> Bundle of His --> L and R bundle branches --> Purkinje fibres
Starting at the laryngopharynx, list the next 3 structures that air passes through.
Larynx, trachea, main (primary) bronchi
The pathway of oxygenated blood starting from the lungs (including valves it passes through*).
Pulmonary veins (x 4) - L atrium - bicuspid valve - L ventricle - aortic semilunar valve - aorta (delivers oxygenated blood to body's tissues/systemic circulation.
This large superficial vein of the lower limb runs along the medial leg and thigh and eventually drains into the femoral vein.
Great saphenous vein
Name the main U/E artery as it runs down the arm from subclavian to radial/ulnar.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse from areas of ____ partial pressure to ____ partial pressure.
3 potential causes of low oxygen (hypoxia).
1. Decreased number of RBCs
2. Decreased environmental oxygen availability (i.e., high altitude)
3. Decreased physiological oxygen availability (i.e., exercise)
The _____, known as the 'heart strings' attach to the ______ valves, via the ______ muscles.
Chordae tendineae, atrioventricular (AV), papillary
Positive intrapulmonary pressure means the air inside the lungs is _______ than pressure outside the lungs. This promotes __________ (inspiration or expiration).
higher, expiration
Vasoconstriction of arteries ______ lumen diameter. This will: ______ peripheral resistance and ________ blood pressure.
decreases
increase, increase
These three veins drain into the R atrium.
Superior vena cava (SVC)
Inferior vena cava (IVC)
Coronary sinus
The external iliac artery passes under the _________ ligament, becoming the ___________ artery and travels posteriorly behind the knee to become the ________ artery.
inguinal, femoral, popliteal
Alveoli contain air that is ______ in oxygen and _____ in carbon dioxide. This means oxygen will diffuse from the _____ into the __________.
high, low
alveoli, pulmonary capillaries
Jen has type B blood. This means she has ____ antigens and _____ antibodies.
Type _____ is the universal donor.
Type _____ is the universal recipient.
B antigens, anti-A antibodies
Universal donor = type O (no antigens for A or B)
University recipient = type AB (no antibodies for A or B)
The heart receives oxygen from these arteries (name 4). Deoxygenated blood from the heart is drained by this main vein.
Arteries:
1. Anterior interventricular a. ("LAD")
2. Posterior interventricular a.
3. Marginal a.
4. Circumflex a.
Vein: coronary sinus
During exhalation, lung volume ______ and pressure ______. Movement of air from _______ to _______ pressure reflects ________ law.
decreases, increases
high, low
Boyle's
When stroke volume decreases, how would heart rate respond to help maintain cardiac output? (*remember CO = HR x SV)
Increase in HR
Three structures/processes that promote venous return.
1. One-way valves
2. Skeletal muscle pump
3. Respiratory pump
The 3 main branches of the aorta are:
1. ________
2. ________
3. ________
They carry ________ blood, at _____ pressure.
1. Brachiocephalic artery (divides into R CCA and subclavian)
2. L common carotid artery
3. L subclavian artery
Oxygenated blood, high pressure
Tissues are constantly using oxygen to make ATP, so they are ____ in oxygen and ____ in carbon dioxide.
That means oxygen diffuses from the ______ into the _______.
low, high
tissues, blood
5 signs of inflammation.
1. Swelling
2. Heat
3. Altered function
4. Redness
5. Pain