Nutrition
Which macronutrient contains a nitrogen which must be removed prior to using it for energy?
Protein
What is the main pacemaker of the heart?
SA node
What hormone is released from the pancreas and increases blood sugar?
Glucagon
Which energy system has the fastest rate of ATP production?
ATP-CP/Phosphagen
What portion of a skeletal muscle cell houses the majority of calcium used for muscle contraction?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
What mineral is necessary for red blood cell formation and function and contributes to hemoglobin production?
Iron
What two vessels bring blood back to the heart?
Superior and inferior vena cava
Renin, a hormone that plays a role in blood pressure, is released from what organ?
Kidney
About how many ATPs are generated from the oxidative breakdown of one glucose molecule?
About 32-38
What is the term for the smallest contractile unit of skeletal muscle?
Sarcomere
When this electrolyte becomes too low in the body fluids a condition known as hyponatremia can occur.
Sodium
Small air sacs of the lungs which exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide are called what?
Alveoli
What peptide hormone is released from beta cells of the pancreas?
Insulin
Which macronutrient is the only one which can be broken down anaerobically?
Carbohydrates
When calcium is released for muscle contraction, the calcium binds to what protein which then causes a shift of tropomyosin proteins?
Troponin
Which portion of the digestive system houses the majority of digestion and absorption?
Small intestine
Normal blood hematocrit is about what %?
45
What hormone released from the anterior pituitary gland plays a key role in protein synthesis?
Growth hormone
Where does the Cori Cycle take place which converts lactate to glucose?
Liver
What is the main neurotransmitter that crosses the neuromuscular junction and causes excitation of a skeletal muscle cell?
Acetylcholine
What three amino acids make up the branch chain amino acids?
Valine, Isoleucine, Leucine
What is the clinical term for heart muscle?
Myocardium
What hormone converts amino acids to carbohydrates, increases enzymes that break down proteins, inhibits protein synthesis and also decreases the immune system?
Cortisol
During oxidative metabolism, most of the fatty acids in the bloodstream are carried to skeletal muscle by what plasma protein?
Albumin
When muscle twitches begin to merge and eventually completely fuse together, this is called a _______.
Tetanus