The various heating and cooling and mechanical/electrical methods of treatment used on the human body.
What are modalities or therapeutic modalities.
100
Name the 3 most common uses of cryotherapy.
What is ice packs, ice massage, and ice baths.
100
Name 3 heating agents.
What is hydrocollator packs, hydrotherapy (whirlpool), contrast therapy
100
Therapeutic deep heating that uses high-frequency sound-waves; also called ultrasonic diathermy.
What is Ultrasound
100
Use of electrical impulses to produce muscle contractions by stimulating the motor nerves
What is electrical stimulation (e-stim)
200
Therapeutic use of ____________ and ___________ are the 2 most common treatments in sports medicine.
What is heat and cold.
200
What are the 4 sensations that an athlete might feel when immerging into an ice bath.
What is cold, burning, aching, numbness.
200
When should you utilize the use of a heating agent?
What is subacute or chronic state, or when the body stops responding naturally to the inflammation process of an acute injury.
200
A cream or gel, applied to an area before ultrasound treatment, that provides a medium for sonic waves to penetrate the skin
What is coupling agent
200
What does TENS stand for and what is its purpose?
What is transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation - portable unit for pain
300
The therapeutic use of cooling agents.
What is cryotherapy.
300
Name 3 indications for cryotherapy.
What is acute injuries, management of pain and edema (swelling), and muscle guarding/spasm
300
Name 3 contraindications of the use of heating agents.
What is acute stages, impaired circulation, areas of diminished sensations, heat intolerant athletes, and areas susceptible to increased bleeding, (open wounds)
300
What are the 2 types of frequency's that can be produced in ultrasound
What is pulsed and continuous
300
Name 3 reasons why you would use e-stim
What is increasing ROM, increasing muscle strength, reeducating muscles, improving muscle tone, enhancing function, controlling pain, accelerating wound healing, and reducing muscle spasm
400
When used properly, therapeutic modalities can benefit the athlete in what 2 ways....
What is minimize time lost from athletic participation and shorten recovery time
400
Name 3 contraindications of cryotherapy.
What is thermoregulatory problems, sensory deficits, hypersensitivity to cold, impaired circulation, heart disease, and malignant tissue
400
Name 3 beneficial effects (not physiological responses) that happen in the body when you apply heat to an area.
What is reduced pain, promotion of healing, increased ROM, and muscle relaxation.
400
Where are the high-frequency soundwaves absorbed in the body?
What is tissues high in protein
400
Name 3 contraindications for E-Stim
What is cartoid sinus, during pregnancy, pacemakers, active motion, people sensitive to electricity
500
The 3 main reasons that therapeutic modalities are utilized...
What is relieve pain, reduce swelling, promote healing, (reduce spasm)
500
Name 3 physiological responses for the use of cryotherapy
What is vasoconstriction, reduction of tissue metabolism, decrease in nerve conduction velocity, reduction of muscle spasm
500
Name physiological responses of localized vigorous heating.
What is increased vasodilation, localized increase in temperature, increased metabolic rate, capillary pressure and flow, clearance of metabolites, and oxgenated tissue
500
Name 3 areas that ultrasound should NOT be used.
What is fluid-filled cavities, the eyes, heart, uterus, testes, growth plates, fracture sites, artificial joints, or herniated discs
500
What are the 2 different types of e-stim?
What is NMES (neuromuscular electrial stimulation) & FES (funtional electrical stimulation)