TEMPERATURE & HEAT
What does temperature measure?
average kinetic energy
What are the three types of heat transfer?
conduction convection radiation
Where does conduction most commonly occur?
solids
What is the most common heating system?
forced-air
What happens to particles when heated?
they move faster
What happens to most substances when they are heated?
they expand
What type of heat transfer uses electromagnetic waves?
Radiation
What type of materials are the best conductors?
metals
What system uses ducts to move air?
forced-air system
What is a material that reduces heat flow?
insulator
What is thermal energy?
total energy of particles
What type of heat transfer happens through particle collisions?
conduction
What moves during convection?
fluids (liquids or gases)
What type of system uses solar collectors?
active solar heating
What type of transfer forms wind and ocean currents?
Convection
What is heat?
energy that flows from hot to cold
What type of heat transfer happens in fluids by movement?
Convection
What is it called when warm fluid rises and cool fluid sinks?
convection current
In passive solar heating, heat enters through what?
windows
Energy from the sun reaches Earth by what?
Radiation
What does specific heat measure?
heat needed to raise temperature
What material slows down heat transfer?
Insulator
What heat transfer type does the sun use?
radiation
What does a heat engine convert heat into?
work
What law says heat won’t flow from cold to hot without work?
second law of thermodynamics