Particles & Motion 🕺🏻
The tiny things that make up all matter and are always moving are called _____________.
Particles
In this state of matter, particles vibrate in place and are packed closely together.
Solid
What is thermal energy?
Heat
Draw what a particle looks like
A circle
The one thing that I change in an experiemnt is called the...
Independent Variable
What do we call moving energy?
Kinetic energy
Which state of matter has particles that can move past each other but stay relatively close together?
Liquid
Thermal energy always moves from areas of _________ to _________.
Hot to cold
Draw a particle with less kinetic energy and one with more kinetic energy.
Less energy= Shorter lines
More energy= Longer lines
All the things that stay the same in an experiment are called the...
Controls, controlled variable
A particle′s speed is related to how much ________________ it has.
Kinetic Energy
Which state of matter usually has the highest average particle speed at the same conditions?
Gas
Why does ice melt when placed in a glass of room-temperature water? How is the heat transferring?
Energy flows from the warmer water to the colder ice.
Draw a model that shows how particles in a solid are arranged AND how they move.
Solid particles are packed together and vibrating
The dependent vairables is the things that we _______ in an experiment.
Measure
The faster an object moves the ________ kinetic energy is has.
More
A cup of hot soup is left uncovered on a table. Is this an open system or a closed system?
Energy is ____________________ when higher-energy particles come into contact with lower-energy particles.
Transferred
Draw what happens when a cold ice cube is placed in warm water. Show the direction of energy flow using an arrow.
Arrows from warm water to ice, particles in ice melting and moving faster.
If we are doing an experiment to see how fast dye moves in a cold cup, warm cup, and hot cup, what is the independent variable?
The temperature of the water.
Energy is ____________________ when higher-energy particles come into contact with lower-energy particles.
Transferred
A sealed water bottle warms up in the sun. Energy can move all around, but no matter enters or leaves. Is this an open system or a closed system?
Closed system
Explain why I will feel cold on a windy day.
My body heat transfers to the colder surrounding air around me.
Draw two closed containers of gas:
Sample A: Faster-moving particles
Sample B: Slower moving particles
Label which has more kinetic energy.
Sample A: particles moving faster → more kinetic energy
Sample B: slower → less kinetic energy.
A student tests how long an ice cube lasts in different rooms around the school. They record how many minutes it takes for the ice to melt. What is the dependent variable?
The time it takes for the ice to melt