Definitions
Radiation
Laws of Thermodynamics
Thermochemistry
Ideal Gases
100
Define heat.
The transfer of thermal energy from one object to another.
100
Name an example of an electromagnetic wave.
radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, xray, gamma ray
100
A boiling pot of water is touched by Ishaan's hand. What is the system, and what is the surroundings?
Water = system
Hand = surrounding
100
What's the difference between exothermic and endothermic reactions
Exothermic releases heat
Endothermic absorbs heat
100
Name a property of an ideal gas.
-randomly moving point particles
-no interparticle interactions
-negligible size compared to distance between particles
200
Define convection.
The transfer of heat through a fluid (liquid or gas)
200
A wave has a wavelength of 3 * 104 m. Calculate its frequency. (the speed of light = 3 * 108 m/s)
104 or 10,000 Hz
200
What is the difference between a closed and open system
Closed System: Does not exchange matter but may exchange energy with its surrounding (i.e a pressure cooker)
Open System: Exchanges both matter and energy with its surroundings (i.e a boiling pot of water)
200
Name a phase change that is Exothermic.
freezing, condensation, deposition
200
What is Boyle's Law?
P1V1 = P2V2
or Pressure and volume are inversely proportional
300
What is a heat engine?
An engine that converts heat energy into mechanical work.
300
A photon has a energy of 1.3252 * 10-33 J. What is the frequency? (h = 6.626 * 10-34 J s)
2 Hz
300
The change in internal energy of a system is +50 J. If 150 J of heat is supplied to the system, how much work does the system do?
100 J
300
Define Specific heat capacity.
The amount of energy required to raise 1 g of substance by 1 oC
300
What is the unit of temperature for ideal gas laws
Kelvin
400
What is a state function?
a property of a thermodynamic system which depends exclusively on the current state of that system
400
What is a black body and does it exist?
An ideal object which absorbs all electromagnetic radiation and emits a continuous spectrum of electromagnetic radiation
No
400
What is the only situation that entropy can be 0?
A perfect crystal at 0 K
400
What is the change in enthalpy of the reaction shown above?
-114 kJ/mol
400
Which of the following gases is the most ideal
a) Chlorine
b) Helium
c) neon
d) Oxygen
B) helium
500
Define Gibbs Free Energy.
the maximum usable energy available in a system to do work at a constant temperature and pressure
500
A chicken with surface area of 10 m2 is floating through space, at 100K. How much power in watts is the chicken radiating?
The Stefan-boltzmann constant is 5.67 * 10-8
56.7 Watts
500
Your friend says that the second law of thermodynamics can't be true because life itself is a highly ordered system that wouldn't exist if everything tended to maximum entropy. What is your friend forgetting about life on the earth?
The earth is not a closed system, and energy enters it as sunlight.
500
For a certain reaction, the change in enthalpy is +178.3 kJ/mol. The same reaction has a change in entropy of +160.4 J/mol K. If the temperature is 25 Celsius, Calculate the Gibbs free energy and determine if the reaction is spontaneous.
G = +130.5 kJ/mol
No
500
Ishaan has a balloon. He has 10 moles of helium in his balloon. If the temperature outside is 1000 K, and the pressure in his balloon is 1 atm, find the volume of the balloon in liters.
R = 0.08206
820.6 Liters