Heat & Temperature
The average amount of kinetic energy per particle contained in an object is the object's __________
Temperature
Name the three states of matter, in order from HIGHEST to LOWEST temperature.
Gas, liquid, solid.
Calculate the heat required to raise 100 g of water from 20°C to 30°C. (Use c=4.18 J/g°C)
4180 J
Boyle's Law states that ______ and ______ are inversely proportional if temperature is held constant.
Pressure, Volume
What happens to the volume of solids, liquids, and gases as the temperature increases?
Increases
_________ is the amount of energy transferred between objects due to a temperature difference.
Heat
The melting/freezing point of water is ____ degrees Celsius, and the boiling point is ______ degrees Celsius.
0, 100
How much energy is needed to melt 50 g of ice at 0°C? (Use Hf=334 J/g).
16700 J
Charle's Law states that if pressure is held constant, then Volume and Temperature are _____ proportional.
directly
What is one reason that thermal expansion must be considered in the field of engineering?
answers will vary
If a hot object transfers energy to a cold object, heat will flow until they reach __.
Thermal equilibrium or the same temperature
Heat of Fusion is the amount of energy needed to _____ or _______ a substance.
Melt, freeze
Calculate the heat required to vaporize 200 g of water at 100°C. (Use Hv=2260 J/g).
452000 J
0 degrees Celsius is equal to _____ Kelvin.
273
(or 273.15)
Why does water behave differently than most substances when it freezes?
Water expands upon freezing due to the hydrogen bonding arrangement in ice, which creates a structured lattice pattern that takes up more space.
Name a temperature scale that can never be negative.
Kelvin Scale (or Rankine Scale)
Heat of Vaporization is the amount of energy needed to _____ or ______ a substance.
Condense, Vaporize
A gas occupies 2 L at 1 atm. If the pressure is reduced to 0.5 atm, what will its new volume be?
4L
If you squeeze a balloon to one quarter of its original volume, the pressure inside will _______ by a factor of _________.
increase, four
What three values do you need to calculate the linear expansion of a solid?
Original length, coefficient of thermal expansion, and the temperature change
Define specific heat.
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one unit of mass of a substance by one degree Celsius.
When heat is added to water at its boiling point, what will happen to the temperature of the water and WHY?
it will remain the same... energy goes into breaking down bonds and/or making the phase change
A sample of gas at 300 K has a volume of 10 L. If the temperature changes to 600 K, what will its new volume be?
20L
If the temperature of a gas is doubled, the volume will _____ by a factor of _______.
increase, 2
The coefficient of volume expansion is typically ____ times as large as the coefficient of linear expansion.
3