Biased
Contrasting
Why Get So Technical?
Strategy and Technique
Shake that Tendency!
Rules of the Tongue
100
A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier -- but also more error-prone -- use of heuristics
What is an algorithm?
100
The mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
What is cognition?
100
The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving
What is functional fixedness?
100
Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think
What is linguistic determinism?
100
In a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit
What is a phoneme?
200
Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common
What is availability heuristic?
200
A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
What is a concept?
200
In a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others
What is grammar?
200
In a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix)
What is morpheme?
200
A mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to the prototype provides a quick and easy method for including items in a category (as when comparing feathered creatures to a prototypical bird, such as a robin).
What is prototype?
300
At about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language.
What is the babbling stage?
300
A tendency to search for information that supports one's preconceptions
What is confirmation bias?
300
A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms
What is heuristic?
300
The stage in speech development from about age 1 to 2 during which a child speaks mostly in single words.
What is the one word stage?
300
DOUBLE JEOPARDY!!!!! -The judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevant information -The set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning
What is representativeness heuristic? What is semantics?
400
The tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning, sometimes by making invalid conclusions seem valid, or valid conclusions seem invalid.
What is belief bias?
400
The inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an impediment to problem solving
What is fixation?
400
A sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions
What is insight?
400
A tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past
What is mental set?
400
The rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language
What is syntax?
500
Clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
What is belief perseverance?
500
DOUBLE JEOPARDY!!! -The way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments -The early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram—"go car"—using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting auxiliary words.
What is framing? What is telegraphic speech?
500
Our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning
What is language?
500
The tendency to be more confident than correct—to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs and judgments.
What is overconfidence?
500
Beginning about age 2 the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two word statements
What is the two word stage?
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