Fluids & Electrolytes
What electrolyte is most dangerous when elevated in renal failure?
Potassium
What urine color is associated with glomerulonephritis?
Cola-colored urine
What is the best indicator of kidney function?
Creatinine
Where should you auscultate a thrill and bruit?
AV fistula
Renal failure causes what acid-base imbalance?
Metabolic acidosis
Massive Protein loss and frothy urine indicate what?
Nephrotic syndrome
Best test for kidney stones?
Non-contrast CT
This electrolyte imbalance causes tetany and a positive Trousseau sign.
Hypocalcemia
This disorder presents with frothy urine and massive edema.
Nephrotic Syndrome
What test is first-line for kidney obstruction?
Renal Ultrasound
Cloudy output during peritoneal dialysis indicates what?
Peritonitis
CO2 reflects function of what organ?
Lungs
Tea-colored urine is a hallmark of what?
Rhabdomyolysis
Earliest sign of kidney damage?
Microalbumin
Name one cause of hypernatremia.
Dehydration, fever, burns
What genetic disorder causes kidney cysts and hypertension?
Polycystic Kidney disease
What lab is the earliest sign of diabetic kidney disease?
Microalbumin
Name one contraindication for fistula-arm BP measurements?
NEVER use the fistula arm for BP or blood draws.
HCO3 reflects function of what organ?
Kidneys
What is the PRIORITY intervention for rhabdo?
Aggressive IV fluids
What must be checked before giving contrast dye?
Creatinine
Fluid overload results in these lung findings.
Crackles
What causes flank pain and hematuria?
Kidney Stones
Which test has the highest bleeding risk?
Kidney Biopsy
What electrolyte imbalance is corrected most by dialysis?
Hyperkalemia
Why does diarrhea cause metabolic acidosis?
Loss of bicarbonate
Loss of albumin in nephrotic syndrome leads to what?
severe edema
What test uses radiation to assess kidney perfusion?
Nuclear scan
Explain why CKD causes metabolic acidosis.
Kidneys cannot excrete hydrogen ions or reabsorb bicarbonate.
What are three types of AKI?
Prerenal, intrarenal, postrenal
What test must be avoided if the creatinine is high?
Contrast CT
What fluid complication often follows hemodialysis?
Hypotension
Name a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis.
Kussmaul respirations
What lab is extremely high in rhabdomyolysis?
CK (creatine kinase)
What imaging test assesses vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in pediatrics?
Voiding Cystourethrogram VCUG