Neuron Basics
the two main types of cells that make up nervous tissue
What are neurons and glial cells?
Type of glial cell that forms the myelin sheath in the PNS
What is a Schwann cell?
What is soma?
Classification of neurons by shape
What are unipolar, bipolar, multipolar and anaxonic shapes?
substance that insulates axons to make signals travel faster
What is myelin sheath?
cell type that sends electrical and chemical signals
What is a neuron?
glial cell that is the CNS equivalent of the Schwann cell
What is an Oligodendrocyte?
dendrites
What receives information from other neurons at synapses?
Type of neuron that has one axon and many dendrites
What is a multipolar neuron?
Term for the "jumping" of action potential between nodes
What is saltatory conduction?
The three main properties of neurons
What is excitability, conductivity, and secretion?
Glial cells that form the blood-brain barrier
What is an astrocyte?
The long fiber that carries electrical impulses away from the soma
What an axon?
Type of neuron is found in the retina and olfactory epithelium
What is a bipolar neuron?
The gaps between myelinated regions
What are Nodes of Ranvier?
The part of the neuron that receives information from other neurons
What a dendrite?
Glial cell acts as the immune defense of the CNS
What is a microglia cell?
The space between neurons where neurotransmitters are released
What is a synapse?
Neurons that carry signals from the CNS to muscles or glands
What are motor neurons?
The thick outer layer of the myelin sheath in the PNS
What is neurilemma?
The special region were the axon begins and the signal is first generated
What is the axon hillock?
Glial cell that helps produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
What is an ependymal cell?
The “synaptic end bulbs”
What are axon terminals?
Neurons that are only found in the CNS and connect sensory and motor neurons
What are interneurons?
Because exocytosis and other neuron activities require large amounts of energy (ATP)
Why do neurons require so much ATP?