History
Known as the father of Psychology and created the lab concept Introspection
William Wundt
What is the purpose of a naturalistic observation?
To watch and record real-life behaviors in a normal setting without changing anything.
Difference between the highest and lowest number.
This mandatory ethical requirement states that participants must be told the nature, risks, and purpose of a study before agreeing to participate.
What is Informed Consent?
When did psychologist start using Structuralism and Functionalism?
Mid-1800's
Focused on how mental and behavioral processes function to help people adapt to environments
Hint: founder is William James
Functionalism
What is an independent variable?
What is a dependent variable?
1.the variable that is manipulated in the experiment.
2.the variable that is measured in the experiment.
where is the mode in a normal distribution?
must occur immediately after a study finishes, requires researchers to explain the true purpose of the experiment and address any deception used.
What is Debriefing?
What are the 3 Debates of psychology?
1. Nature vs Nurture
2. Continuity vs Discontinuity
3. Stability vs Change
Focused on breaking the consciousness down into basic components
Hint: founder is Edward Titchener
Structuralism
Name all the types of research.
Experiments, correlational studies, survey research, naturalistic observations, case studies, longitudinal studies, cross-sectional studies.
In a standard normal distribution (bell curve), approximately this percentage of scores falls within one standard deviation above and below the mean.
What is 68%?
This administrative body must review, evaluate, and approve all human research proposals at an institution before any study can begin.
What is the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
What was the main purpose behind Trephination?
Used as a treatment for mental illness to release "evil spirits".
Known to reject Introspection, heavily focused on observable behavior
Behaviorism
what are the steps of the scientific method?
Ask a question/identify a problem, gather data to generate a hypothesis, test the hypothesis using an experiment, & draw conclusions & publish results.
When a distribution contains a few unusually low scores pulling the tail to the left, the data is described as having this type of skew.
What is a Negatively Skewed Distribution?
While researchers may temporarily use this technique if it is necessary to test a hypothesis, it cannot be used if it causes significant emotional or physical distress.
What is Deception?
What are the seven types of Research Methods?
1. Experiments
2. Correlational Studies
3. Survey Research
4. Naturalistic Observations
5. Case Studies
6. Longitudinal
7. Cross-Sectional Studies
Known as the Four Humors of Ancient Greece
Blood, Phlegm, Yellow bile, and Black bile
compare the experimental and control group.
(exp) receives the treatment.
(con) does not receive the treatment.
Represented by the symbol p, researchers use this metric to determine statistical significance, typically requiring a value less than this decimal to reject the null hypothesis.
What is p < 0.05 (or 5%)?
Similar to the IRB for human research, this committee is responsible for overseeing and approving the ethical treatment, housing, and care of non-human animals in psychological research.
: What is the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)?
What is Confirmation Bias?
When your brain picks out facts that prove you're right, While completely ignoring any facts that show you're wrong.