Decision-Making Vocabulary 1
Thinking
What is the process of using knowledge and information to make plans, interpret the world, and make predictions about the world in general
System 1 of thinking
What is accounting for automatic, instinctive, and unconscious reasoning and being capable of making quick decisions based on little information
The type of study for Albarracin et al 2001
What is meta-analysis (examine data from other independent studies on the same subject)
The results of the study Luce, Bettman, & Payne
What is that participants in the higher-emotion group spent more time on the task and opened a larger number of cells in total, which shows that they were considering the decision more carefully. Participants in the higher-emotion group engaged more frequently in attribute-based transitions. As you know, attribute-based strategies involved less emotionally difficult trade-offs. This shows that participants were avoiding experiencing negative emotion in the process of making the decision.
No since the results are self-reported and the results therefore could not be accurate
Is the study Albarracin et al 2001 reliable
Decision-making
What is the process of identifying and choosing alternatives based on the values and preferences of the decision-maker
System 2 of thinking
What is a more rational and logic-based way of thinking that requires more time, attention and effort and is often employed when making difficult decisions which may have a long-lasting impact
The results of the study Albarracin et al 2001
What is that TPB was successful predictor of condom use. The correlation between intention + behaviour in model 0.51- strong correlation between behavioural intentions (on one hand) and norms, attitudes + perceived control (on other hand)
Tthe aim of the study Luce, Bettman, & Payne
What is to find if decision-making adapts to emotions- see if people who make choices emotionally with different tradeoffs will process information differently
This study is easily generalizable as there is a clear population that was tested.
What is the evaluation of generalisability for the study Luce, Bettman, & Payne
Thinking that is directed toward solving specific problems using a set of mental strategies
What is problem-solving
The mental process of effectively reacting to a change in a situation and there should be an emotional variable
What is the adaptive decision-making framework
The aim of the study Albarracin et al 2001
What is to investigate predictive validity of theory of planned behavior for people decision to use a condom
The type of study conducted by Luce, Bettman, & Payne
What is an experiment; independent measures for splitting into groups with different conditions
The results can help back the idea of of using emotion as a part of the decision-making process.
Are the results of the study Luce, Bettman, & Payne applicable to other situations
A 'rule' used to make decisions or form judgments + mental short-cuts that involve focusing on one aspect of a complex problem and ignoring others
What are heuristics
Shows what people actually do when they think and make decisions, focuses on an accurate description of real life thinking patterns, and sees how closely the model fits observed data for numerous samples
What is the descriptive model of decision-making?
The methodology for the study Albarracin et al 2001
What is 42 published + unpublished research paper with 96 data sets- all data sets from published research combine in single large data matrix. Researchers analysed the fit of the model of planned behaviour
The relevance of the study Luce, Bettman, & Payne to decision making
What is that predictions of the adaptive decision-maker framework were confirmed so it may be concluded that emotional variable needs to be incorporate directly into a model of decision-making because the strategies of decision-making are not only influenced by, but adapt to, task-related emotion.
The theory of reasoned action
What is an individual's choice of a particular behavior is based on the expected outcome of that behavior and the stronger we believe a particular behavior will lead to a desired outcome, it leads to stronger effort put into the plan
Actions that result from behavioral intentions, which are determined by attitudes, perceived social norms, and perceived behavioral control
What is TPB (Theory of Planned Behavior)
Describes the way thinking should be, assumes that unlimited time and resources are available to make a decision, and defines what is right and wrong effective and ineffective
What is the normative model of decision-making?
The relevance of the study Albarracin et al 2001 to decision making
What is that people are more likely to use condoms when they have the intention to do so. These intentions were based on attitudes, subjective norms + perceived behavioral control. This study confirms validity of TPB in the specific domain of condom use
The methodology for the study Luce, Bettman, & Payne
What is that 27 undergraduate students who assumed the role of members of a charity and were required to decide which of five candidate children would get financial support. Each of the five children was described in terms of five attributes (such as living conditions and family size). All attributes were relevant to the decision-maker. They were split into the Higher-emotion group (participants were told that the other four children were not likely to receive help from anywhere else) and the Lower-emotion group (participants were told that the four remaining children were likely to receive help elsewhere at a later time). Measurements were done with a software in which information was presented in the form of a table (children x attributes), but information in the cells were hidden and participants had to click the mouse on a particular cell to reveal that information. The software recorded the order in which participants opened cells. Occurrence of two types of transitions were counted: alternative-based transitions (after opening cell A, open a cell for a different attribute but the same alternative) or attribute-based transitions (after opening cell A, open a cell for the same attribute but a different alternative).
The utility theory
What is a theory that allows decision makers to incorporate their risk preference and other factors into the decision-making process