concepts
effortless, automatic feeling or thought in contrast to conscious reasoning
what is intuition?
tendency to be more confident than correct; to overestimate accuracy of our beliefs and judgements
what is overconfidence?
System of rules that enables humans to communicate with one another
what is grammar?
what is divergent thinking?
Methodical rule or procedure
what is an algorithm?
tendency to search for things that support our own views and ignore contradictory evidence
what is confirmation bias?
smallest distinctive sound unit in language
what is a phoneme?
thinking that narrows available problem solutions to determine single best solution
what is convergent thinking?
when we cling to beliefs and ignore evidence that proves these beliefs are wrong
what is belief perserverance?
Simple thinking shortcut (hint: availability and representative)
what is a heuristic?
smallest language unit that carries meaning
what is a morpheme
three stages of productive language
what is the babbling stage, one-word stage. two-word stage, telegraphic speech?
judging the likelihood of events based on their mental availability in memory; if instances come easily to mind, we assume such events are common (hint: more people die falling down stairs than shark attacks)
inability to view problems from a new angle (hint: Dr. Witherell's Starbucks broom story)
what is a fixation?
deriving meaning from sounds
what is semantics?
Part of the brain that helps control language expression (ie. language production and speech control)
what is Broca's area?
judging the likelihood of events in terms of how well they seem to match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information
what is representativeness heuristic?
wording a question or statement so that it evokes a desired response (hint: can influence decisions, think charity)
what is framing?
ordering words into sentences
what is syntax?
brain area involved in language comprehension and expression (reading, writing, understanding language)
what is Wernicke's area?