A sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions; all of a sudden manner
What is Insight?
100
A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence.
What is Confirmation bias?
100
Our spoke, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning.
What is language?
100
Beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utter various sounds at first unrelated to the household language.
What is babbling stage?
100
Impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area or to Wernicke's area.
What is Aphasia?
200
A simple thinking strategy that often allow us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms
What is Heuristic?
200
The inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set.
What is Fixation?
200
In language, the smallest distinctive sound unit.
What is Phoneme?
200
The stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words.
What is one-word stage?
200
In 1865, a French physician reported that after damage to a specific area of the left frontal lobe a person would struggle to speak words.
Who is Paul Broca?
300
A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem; a step-by-step method
What is Algorithm?
300
A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past.
What is Mental set?
300
In a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix)
What is Morpheme?
300
Beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements.
What is two-word stage?
300
Controls language expression- an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech.
What is Broca's area?
400
Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may to close-mindedness such as in stereotypes.
What is Representativeness Heuristic?
400
The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving.
What is Functional fixedness?
400
In a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others.
What is grammar?
400
Early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram.
What is telegraphic speech?
400
In 1874, a German investigator discovered that after damage to a specific area of the left temporal lobe people could speak only meaningless words.
Who is Carl Wernicke?
500
Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory;refers to how easily something that you've seen or heard can be accessed in your memory.
What is Availability heuristic?
500
The tendency to be more confident than correct- to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments.
What is overconfidence?
500
The set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning.
What is semantics?
500
Babies learn to talk in many of the same ways that animals learn to peck keys and press bars.
What is B.F Skinner's Operant Learning?
500
Controls language reception- a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe.