What are general characteristics that give the Agrarian Era an underlying coherence?
100
Tracks the births, deaths, marriages and income of the people governed. Imposes mandatory education. Can inflict violence on more effectively and on a larger scale. Depends on economic success.
What are modern, bureaucratic governments?
100
250,000 - 8,000 BCE
What are the dates of the Foraging Era?
200
Carried goods between agrarian regions and sometimes introduced new technologies such as saddles and weapons while trading goods such as fur and ivory
What are herders or pastoralists?
200
Every 8,000-9,000 years
What is when human population doubled in the Agrarian Era?
200
Fibers, milk & dairy, manure for fertilizer, power to pull plows and transport people & goods
What are characteristics of the secondary-products revolution?
200
Introduction and spread of more productive agricultural techniques; more efficient machines for spinning & processing cotton; improved steam engine; first locomotive
What are important innovations of the Industrial Revolution?
200
When writing appears
What is 3,000 BCE?
300
Community consisting of similar households, mostly engaged in agriculture, with limited heirarchies of wealth and little specialization of labor
What are villages?
300
Burning an area to clear obstructions and encourage the growth of new plant life as a hunting strategy
What is fire-stick farming?
300
Cycles of expansion and collapse of societies, specifically concerning human populations
What are "Malthusian cycles"?
300
1750 - 1914
What are the dates of the Industrial Revolution in the western world?
300
8,000 BCE - 1750 CE
What are the dates of the Agrarian Era?
400
Large communities with a complex internal division of labor
What are cities?
400
Giant kangaroos, mammoths, saber-tooth tigers
What are animals species lost in megafaunal extinctions of the Foraging Era?
400
Spread is accelerated by population density, living in close quarters with livestock, and unsanitary conditions
What is disease / pathogens / epidemics?
400
Industrialization of warfare; growing nationalism; tangled defense alliances; the historic belief that war was good for nations and men
What are reasons for the outbreak of World War I?
400
The longest era in the history of humanity
What is the Foraging Era?
500
Large, coercive power structures necessary to administer and defend city-scale communities, supported economically by the large concentrations of wealth found in cities, which was collected by force and became taxation
What are states?
500
Provided rules for behavior and etiquette in the Foraging communities
What is kinship?
500
For the first time in history, regular harvests and large surpluses of food allowed communities to support non-farmers, who exchanged their products or services for food
What is a complex division of labor?
500
Advanced weapon technology coupled with outdated military tactics
What is a reason World War I was so brutal and destructive?