Indigenous Regions
Which region is known for cliff dwellings and irrigation systems like check dams?
Southwest
Points: What were the three main West African empires discussed?
Songhai, Benin, and Kongo
What was the series of campaigns by Christian kingdoms to recapture the Iberian Peninsula from Muslims?
Spanish Reconquista
What instrument uses a magnetized pointer to show magnetic north?
Compass
What is the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, and diseases between the old and new worlds?
Columbian Exchange
Points: Which region used longhouses made of limbs and tree bark?
Northeast
Besides farming, what were the three main economic activities in West Africa?
Herding, salt mining, and trade
What movement challenged the authority of the Catholic Church and created new denominations?
Protestant Reformation
Which type of sail allowed ships to tack against the wind?
Lateen sail
What network of shipping routes traded enslaved Africans, manufactured goods, and raw materials?
Triangular Trade
What term describes the belief that everything has a soul or spirit, common across many tribes?
Animism
What religion spread into West Africa by 1000 CE through trade?
Islam
What was the period of internal reform within the Catholic Church in response to the Reformation?
Counter-Reformation
What is the economic theory that a nation's power relies on a favorable balance of trade?
Mercantilism
What is the term for the spread of a people from their original homeland?
Diaspora
Which region's culture was defined by the first-salmon ceremony?
Pacific Coast
What item was so valuable in West Africa that it was used as currency, similar to gold?
SALT
Which two monarchs united their kingdoms to defeat the last Islamic ruler in Spain in 1492?
Ferdinand and Isabella
Which European group had smaller, more concentrated settlements and generally cooperative relations with native peoples?
French
What are the two primary negative impacts of European exploration on Indigenous populations?
Loss of traditional territory and death from European diseases
Which Three crops were common to almost all farming regions?
Corn, beans, and squash (three sister crops)
Why might an artifact of a woman feeding a baby and writing in a book indicate a matrilineal society?
It shows the importance of motherhood and tracking inheritance/descent through the mother
How did religious conflict in Europe intensify exploration?
Nations looked for new lands to spread their specific faith, either Catholic or Protestant
Points: What is a person called who organizes and operates a business?
Entrepreneur
What term describes a relationship where two or more parties depend on each other for survival?
Interdependence