Pregnancy
No need to increase calories
How many calories a day if breastfeeding?
500 extra
Difference between sarcopenia and cachexia?
Sarcopenia: normal physiological aging, reversible, does not indicate end of life
Cachexia: irreversible, no treatment, indicates end of life, a inflammatory syndrome with many metabolic pathways
Safe pH values
7.34-7.45
What is an AV fistula and why is it used?
Used to make the vein stronger for dialysis
How many excess calories are needed in the second trimester?
approx. 340
WHO recommends breastfeeding for how long?
exclusive breastfeeding for first 6 months
3 reasons why an elderly person might be malnourished?
Slide 28
physiologic, pathologic, sociologic, psychologic reasons
Safe pC02 values
Safe HC03 values
35-45
22-26
CKD patients on dialysis commonly receive an injection of what hormone?
Erythropoetin
How many excess calories are needed in the third trimester?
approx. 450
When is a baby ready for complementary feeding?
-Able to sit up and lean forward
-Able to let caregiver know they are full
-Able to pick up food and put it in their mouth
Three reasons why someone might be undernourished in LTC?
-meals in bed
-poor positioning (trays and bodily)
-dependency
-fed quickly
-textures
-speciality diets
-dysphagia unrecognized
-schedule meals->hunger cues
Three reasons you might develop metabolic acidosis?
-ketoacids
-OD on ASA
-renal failure
-alcohol substitute/antifreeze
-protracted severe diarrhea
Three causes of pre-renal AKI?
-emboli
-renal artery stenosis
-blood loss
-fluid loss
Basically anything that disrupts/decreases blood flow to the kidney
How much iron is needed during pregnancy?
Twice as much in 2nd and 3rd trimester versus pre-pregnancy
When is breastfeeding absolutely contraindicated?
-HIV
-Illicit drug use
-Alcohol
-Personal choice
How many calories does a person over 70 y.o. need? (man versus woman)
2000 men
1600-2000 women
Carbon dioxide and water combine to create ___
carbonic acid
Two causes of intrarenal AKI?
-nephrotoxic drugs
-CT contrast dye
How much weight should a health weight woman gain in pregnancy?
25-35 lbs
Breastfeeding is associated with what benefits later in life?
-lower likelihood of overweight or obesity
-higher intelligence tests
-higher income later in life
Three lab markers that may indicate dehydration?
electrolyte imbalances
Cr and BUN elevated
Serum osmolality elevated
pH, C02, HC03 values that indicate acidity?
pH: less than 7.34
C02: greater than 45
HC03: less than 22
Difference between reabsorption and secretion?
Reabsorption: from filtrate to the blood
Secretion: from blood into filtrate