Anatomy
Its known as the tenth cranial nerve, it is responsible for autonomic control of the heart, lungs, and digestive tract.
The Vagus nerve
The phase of the cardiac cycle corresponding to ventricular contraction and ejection of blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery.
Systole
A form of acute lung injury that's characterized by diffuse alveolar damage, hyaline membrane formation, and profound hypoxemia resistant to oxygen therapy.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Which drugs are first line for treatment of hypeertension?
ACEIs and ARBs
A condition that is characterized by an elevated white blood cell count, typically due to bacterial infection or inflammation.
Leukocytosis
What is the only complete cartilaginous ring in the trachea?
Cricoid cartilage
The ion primarily responsible for the plateau phase (Phase 2) of the cardiac action potential in ventricular myocytes....
Calcium
It is the abnormal and irreversible dilatation of the medium sized bronchi and bronchioles developing secondary to inflammatory weakening of the bronchial walls.
Bronchiectasis
What's the drug used for treatment of Heparin overdose?
Protamine Sulphate
An anatomical shunt allowing the blood to bypass the fetal lungs by connecting the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta....
Ductus Arteriosus
A paired artery arising from the subclavian artery and traveling through transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae to supply the brain...
Vertebral Artery
The physiological mechanism describing the heart’s ability to increase contractility in response to increased venous return and end-diastolic volume.
Frank-Starling Mechanism
The most common primary tumor of the heart in adults, often arises in the left atrium.
Which anti-malarial drug can cause blackwater fever as a side effect?
Quinine
A systemic inflammatory disease, often triggered by an infection, leading to widespread clot formation and simultaneous bleeding, characterized by prolonged PT, aPTT, and low fibrinogen levels.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
The ascending pharyngeal artery is a branch of what artery?
External Carotid Artery
The physiological principle explaining why blood flow is inversely proportional to resistance and directly proportional to the pressure gradient.
Poiseuille’s law
A primary lung cancer that is strongly associated with smoking and frequently produces paraneoplastic syndromes like Cushing syndrome.
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
What drugs are used as first choice in Heart failure and Renal failure?
Loop Diuretics (Frusemide)
What's a mixed vasodilator that can be used as chronic treatment for heart failure?
Enalaprilate
What's the venous drainage of the left lung?
Left bronchial vein that then drains into the accessory hemiazygos vein
The effect describing the increased affinity of hemoglobin for CO₂ in deoxygenated blood, facilitating CO₂ transport from tissues to the lungs.
Haldane effect
Vasculitis that can cause skin ulcers and systemic symptoms like fever and weight loss. It is commonly associated with Hepatitis B infection.
Polyarteritis Nodosa
Which anti-arrhythmic drug prolongs the QRS wave on ECG?
Class 1c (Propafenone)
A syndrome characterized by intellectual disability, seizures, and is often associated with a deletion in chromosome 15.
Angelman Syndrome