Fear of Radicalism - Gab
What event in 1917 led to the rise of Bolshevism and fueled fears of radicalism in the U.S.?
The Russian Revolution - where the Bolsheviks took control of Russia / Rise of communism
What was the nickname "Reds” referred to?
The Communists
Who were Sacco and Vanzetti?
They were Italian immigrants and admitted anarchists who were accused of murdering two men during a robbery.
What year did the Boston Police Strike occur?
1919
What event sparked the racial violence in Chicago?
The attack on an African American youth swimming in Lake Michigan.
What is Bolshevism? (What did the Bolsheviks believe in/aimed?)
Bolshevism aimed to overthrow capitalism and create a society without social classes through workers' control. They believed in abolishing private property and distributing wealth equally.
What is a Red Scare?
A Red Scare is a form of moral panic caused by the fear of rising ideologies in a society, especially communism and anarchism.
Why did some Americans blame Bolsheviks and radicals for labor unrest after World War I?
Many Americans feared that Communists were trying to spread their influence in the U.S., especially after the Russian Revolution. Strikes for higher wages were seen as signs of a possible revolution.
What were the main reasons Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer opposed the labor strikes after World War I?
Palmer believed the strikes were linked to communism and saw them as a threat to American values such as religion, private property, and democracy.
What was the goal of Marcus Garvey’s "Back-to-Africa" movement?
To encourage African Americans to build their own nation in Africa.
Who were anarchists and what did they do to increase fear of radicalism in the U.S.?
Anarchists were individuals who wanted to abolish all forms of government. In 1919, a series of bombings by anarchists targeting politicians and businessmen increased fear of radicalism in the U.S., making people worry about violent uprisings and threats to society.
What actions did Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer and J. Edgar Hoover take during the Red Scare?
Palmer and Hoover led raids, arrested thousands of suspected Communists and anarchists, and deported some, but found little evidence.
How did the strikes and labor unrest after World War I contribute to the rise in racial tensions in the United States?
As workers, including African Americans, went on strike for better wages, white workers in the North resented the competition for jobs. This economic strain heightened racial tensions, leading to violence and riots, such as the Chicago Race Riot of 1919.
How did A. Philip Randolph influence U.S. labor and civil rights policies in the 1940s?
Randolph successfully pressured President Roosevelt to issue Executive Order 8802 in 1941, banning racial discrimination in defense industries, and later convinced President Truman to issue Executive Order 9981 in 1948, desegregating the military.
How did the racial violence in Chicago relate to Marcus Garvey’s message?
It showed racial tensions, supporting Garvey’s call for Black self-sufficiency.