Mongols & China
This Chinese dynasty ruled before the Mongol conquest and is associated with major economic growth and innovations such as improved agriculture (#CHAMPARICE)
What is the Song Dynasty?
This trade network connected East Africa, Arabia, India, Southeast Asia, and China.
What is the Indian Ocean Trade network?
This religion spread along Indian Ocean trade routes and established communities as far as China.
What is Islam?
This city in the Mali Empire was home to the famous Sankore Mosque and Madrasa, an important center of Islamic learning.
What is Timbuktu?
Cause: Champa rice was introduced into China.
What is increased agricultural production and population growth?
This Mongol ruler established the Yuan Dynasty and made Dadu (modern Beijing) its capital.
Who is Kublai Khan?
Indian Ocean sailors relied on knowledge of these seasonal winds to plan their voyages.
What are monsoon winds?
This Chinese philosophy emphasized hierarchy, filial piety, and proper relationships between people.
What is Confucianism?
This African Christian kingdom maintained diplomatic and cultural connections with the broader Afro-Eurasian world.
What is Ethiopia?
Cause: Mongols controlled large portions of Eurasia.
What is increased/reinvigorated trans-Eurasian trade?
This Chinese concept was used to legitimize the Yuan Dynasty after the Mongols reunified China.
What is the Mandate of Heaven?
This African region became wealthy by exporting gold north across the desert while importing goods such as salt.
What is the Trans-Saharan trade network?
This Chinese philosophy emphasizes harmony between humanity and nature.
What is Daoism?
This epidemic spread along the trade routes of Afro-Eurasia, hit urban areas particularly hard, and contributed to the decline of many cities.
What is the Bubonic Plague (or Black Death)?
Cause: Indian Ocean merchants learned to predict monsoon winds.
What is more predictable and extensive maritime trade?
The Mongols helped facilitate this by protecting routes and connecting East Asia with Europe.
What is the Silk Road trade?
These roadside inns provided merchants traveling overland with places to rest and protect their goods.
What are caravanserai?
The spread of Islam along Indian Ocean trade routes had this effect on existing trade networks.
What is the expansion and intensification of existing commerce?
Compared with the Chinese labor systems used in China, European labor systems were more likely to rely on this system in which agricultural workers were tied to the land.
What is serfdom?
Cause: Trade networks connected increasingly distant regions.
What is the spread of religions technologies, crops, and diseases?
This Mongol policy helped the Yuan govern a culturally diverse empire by allowing different religious traditions to practice relatively freely.
What is religious tolerance?
AP CHALLENGE: On your whiteboards, explain one way the spread of Islam affected trade on the Indian Ocean.
- expanded and intensified existing trade networks
A fourteenth-century mosque in Xi'an combines Islamic religious architecture with local Chinese architectural traditions. What broader historical process does this illustrate?
What is cultural syncretism or cultural adaptation?
Unlike China, western Europe during 1000–1300 was characterized by this political pattern.
What is political fragmentation?
AP CHALLENGE: Put these developments in a logical sequence.
Mongol expansion -> ______ -> _____ -> increased interaction across Eurasia.
Mongol expansion -> political unification/protection of trade routes-> increased Silk Road trade -> increased interaction across Eurasia.