Colonial Foundations
What 1620 agreement established self-government for the Plymouth settlers?
Mayflower Compact
What economic theory held that colonies should benefit the mother country?
Mercantilism
What rebellion expelled the Spanish from New Mexico in 1680?
Pueblo Revolt.
What religious revival featured George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards?
Great Awakening.
What Virginia policy awarded 50 acres for paying a person’s passage to the colony?
Headright system.
What representative assembly was established in Virginia in 1619?
Who provided most of the labor on early Chesapeake tobacco plantations?
White, mostly male indentured servants.
What Spanish religious policy was a major cause of the Pueblo Revolt?
Suppression of Pueblo religious practices and forced conversion to Christianity.
According to Locke, what gives a government legitimate authority?
Consent of the governed.
What belief promoted by Spain’s rivals portrayed Spanish treatment of Indigenous peoples as uniquely cruel?
Black Legend.
What business model allowed investors to pool money and share the risks of colonial ventures?
Joint-stock company.
What British laws restricted colonial shipping and trade to benefit England?
Navigation Acts
What 1676 Virginia uprising helped accelerate colonial elites’ shift toward African slavery?
Bacon's Rebellion
What political system did Locke challenge by arguing that people possessed natural freedom?
Absolute monarchy
What 1741 trials followed rumors that enslaved Africans and poor whites planned to burn a colonial city?
New York Trials.
What French colonial territory focused on fur trading and alliances with Native peoples?
New France
What does a “favorable balance of trade” mean?
Exporting more in value than importing.
What series of three wars expanded English control over Powhatan lands in the Chesapeake?
Anglo-Powhatan Wars.
How did shared Protestant evangelical movements contribute to the Anglicization of the colonies?
They strengthened cultural and religious connections between Britain and the colonies.
What system legally treated enslaved people as property that could be bought, sold, and inherited?
Chattel slavery.
How did the goals of French and English colonization lead to different relationships with Native peoples?
French fur traders often built alliances and trading partnerships; English settlers’ demand for farmland frequently led to displacement and conflict.
How did American plantation exports affect European economies, according to the Bender excerpt?
They stimulated trade, increased profits, and accumulated capital for further economic development.
How did Spain respond twelve years after the Pueblo Revolt?
The Spanish returned and reconquered Santa Fe in 1692.
What Puritan arrangement allowed children of parents without full conversion experiences to be baptized?
Halfway Covenant
What printer’s 1735 acquittal helped advance the principle that truth could be a defense against libel?
Peter Zenger