Burns
A patient has a red, painful burn with intact skin and no blisters. What depth of burn is this?
What is superficial burn (1st degree)?
This cold injury occurs when body tissue actually freezes.
What is frostbite?
Patients with Diabetes Insipidus commonly produce this type of urine.
What is unusually large amounts of dilute urine?
Excessive ADH causes the kidneys to retain too much of this substance.
What is water?
Heat stroke is generally associated with a core body temperature at or above this threshold.
What is 40oC or 104oF?
A patient has a moist, red burn with blisters and severe pain. What depth of burn is most likely?
What is a superficial partial-thickness burn?
The best method for rewarming a frostbitten extremity is immersion in water at approximately this temperature range.
What is 37-39 C or 98.6-102.2F?
In diabetes insipidus, urine specific gravity is expected to move in this direction.
What is decreased or low?
A patient with SIADH is expected to have this sodium abnormality.
What is hyponatremia?
The hallmark finding that helps distinguish heat stroke from less severe heat illness is dysfunction of this body system.
What is the central nervous system?
Using the Rule of Nines, a burn involving the entire anterior trunk equals this percentage of total body surface area.
What is 18% TBSA?
A patient with frostbitten feet must walk several miles before reaching safety. The nurse should avoid this intervention until the risk of refreezing is eliminated.
What is thawing or rewarming the feet?
A patient with DI has intense thirst, and urine output of 7 liters per day. This electrolyte imbalance is the nurse's concern.
What is hypernatremia?
A patient with SIADH has low serum osmolality. The urine is expected to be this.
What is concentrated?
A patient collapsed during outdoor work in extreme heat. The nurse's priority intervention is to begin this treatment immediately.
What is rapid cooling?
A patient rescued from a fire has facial burns, soot around the mouth, and a hoarse voice. This is the nurse's priority concern.
What is inhalation injury or impending airway edema?
During frostbite treatment, the nurse should avoid this common action.
What is rubbing or massaging the affected area?
This medication is commonly prescribed for central diabetes insipidus.
What is desmopressin (DDAVP)?
A patient with SIADH has a sodium level of 118 mEq/L and increasing confusion. This nursing intervention is commonly used to prevent further dilution of sodium.
What is fluid restriction?
A patient with heat stroke is hot, confused, and sweating heavily. True or false: Sweating rules out heat stroke.
What is false? Exertional heat stroke may present with profuse sweating.
A 70 kg adult has 30% TBSA burns. Using the Parkland formula this amount of LR should be administered during the first 8 hours from the time of injury.
What is 4,200 mL?
Total 24 hour is 8,400 mL half is given in the first 8 hours.
After rewarming, a patient with severe frostbite develops increasing swelling, severe pain, and tense tissue. This limb-threating complication should be suspected.
What is compartment syndrome?
A patient receiving desmopressin for DI develops a headache, confusion, decreased urine output, and a serum sodium of 124 mEq/L. This complication should be suspected.
What is water intoxication or hyponatremia?
A patient with SIADH develops a headache, confusion, vomiting, and seizures. These findings suggest this dangerous complication of severe hyponatremia.
What is cerebral edema?
A patient with severe heat stroke develops bleeding from IV sites, widespread bruising, and abnormal coagulation studies. This life-threatening complication is suspected.
What is disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?